Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : The Central Magnetic Field of the Cigar Galaxy

2019 March 12
The Central Magnetic Field of the Cigar Galaxy 
Image Credit: NASA, SOFIA, E. Lopez-Rodriguez; NASA, Spitzer, J. Moustakas et al.

Explanation: Are galaxies giant magnets? Yes, but the magnetic fields in galaxies are typically much weaker than on Earth's surface, as well as more complex and harder to measure. Recently, though, the HAWC+ instrument onboard the airborne (747) SOFIA observatory has been successful in detailing distant magnetic fields by observing infrared light polarized by reflection from dust grains. Featured here, HAWC+ observations of the M82, the Cigar galaxy, show that the central magnetic field is perpendicular to the disk and parallel to the strong supergalactic wind. This observation bolsters the hypothesis that M82's central magnetic field helps its wind transport the mass of millions of stars out from the central star-burst region. The featured image shows magnetic field lines superposed on top of an optical light (gray) and hydrogen gas (red) image from Kitt Peak National Observatory, further combined with infrared images (yellow) from SOFIA and the Spitzer Space Telescope. The Cigar Galaxy is about 12 million light years distant and visible with binoculars towards the constellation of the Great Bear.

Science & Technology - Astronomy : Magnetic Fields May Be the Key to Black Hole Activity

Parallel jets provide astronomers with some of the most powerful evidence that a supermassive black hole lurks in the heart of most galaxies. Some of these black holes appear to be active, gobbling up material from their surroundings and launching jets at ultra-high speeds, while others are quiescent, even dormant.

Recent observations from SOFIA, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, are shedding light on this question. SOFIA data indicate that magnetic fields are trapping and confining dust near the center of the active galaxy, Cygnus A, and feeding material onto the supermassive black hole at its center.

This artist’s conception of the core of Cygnus A shows the dusty donut-shaped surroundings, called a torus, and jets launching from its center. Magnetic fields are illustrated trapping the dust in the torus. These magnetic fields could be helping power the black hole hidden in the galaxy’s core by confining the dust in the torus and keeping it close enough to be gobbled up by the hungry black hole.

Image Credit: NASA/SOFIA/Lynette Cook

Last Updated: Feb. 13, 2019

Editor: Yvette Smith

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : Crescent Enceladus

2019 March 9
Crescent Enceladus Image Credit: Cassini Imaging Team, SSI, JPL, ESA, NASA

Explanation: Peering from the shadows, the Saturn-facing hemisphere of tantalizing inner moon Enceladus poses in this Cassini spacecraft image. North is up in the dramatic scene captured during November 2016 as Cassini's camera was pointed in a nearly sunward direction about 130,000 kilometers from the moon's bright crescent. In fact, the distant world reflects over 90 percent of the sunlight it receives, giving its surface about the same reflectivity as fresh snow. A mere 500 kilometers in diameter, Enceladus is a surprisingly active moon. Data collected during Cassini's flybys and years of images have revealed the presence of remarkable south polar geysers and a possible global ocean of liquid water beneath an icy crust.

Science et Technologie - Le monde minéral et ses trésors cachés : Stromatolite rougeoyante

Stromatolite rougeoyante

Les stromatolites se développent toujours dans de rares endroits du monde comme les sources chaudes du Parc de Yellowstone (États-Unis) ou en bordure d'océan, en Australie. Celle-ci provient de la mine de Corsica, située dans le Minnesota, aux États-Unis.

© Bruno Cupillard

Science & Technology - Le monde minéral et ses trésors cachés : "Chrysocolle de Katanga aux airs de mangrove"

"Chrysocolle de Katanga aux airs de mangrove"

La chrysocolle est un minéral d'altération des minéraux de cuivre. Elle est généralement associée à d'autres minéraux de cuivre, comme ici à la malachite. Ces associations procurent des verts et des bleus plus ou moins intenses et zonés aux motifs contrastés. Elle se présente en formes massives, en concrétions, en stalactites ou en croûtes et enduits, mais très rarement en cristaux aciculaires.

Cet échantillon provient de la province du Katanga, dans la ceinture cuprifère de Kolwezi et Likasi, au sud de la République démocratique du Congo, près de Lubumbashi (ancienne Elisabethville).

Bruno Cupillard

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : Stardust and Starlight in M78

2019 March 8
Stardust and Starlight in M78 
Image Credit & Copyright: Richard S. Wright Jr.

Explanation: Interstellar dust clouds and bright nebulae abound in the fertile constellation of Orion. One of the brightest, M78, is near the center in this colorful telescopic view, covering an area north of Orion's belt. At a distance of about 1,500 light-years, the bluish nebula itself is about 5 light-years across. Its blue tint is due to dust preferentially reflecting the blue light of hot, young stars in the region. Dark dust lanes and other nebulae can easily be traced through the gorgeous skyscape that includes many Herbig- Haro objects, energetic jets from stars in the process of formation. But missing from this image is McNeil's nebula. A major discovery only recognized in 2004, the enigmatic, variable nebula was found along the dark lane of dust above and right of larger M78. McNeil's nebula is associated with a protostar and seen to be sometimes present and sometimes absent in photos of the well-imaged region. McNeil's nebula faded from view late last year and is still absent in this deep image recorded in February 2019.

Science et Technologie - Astronomy picture of the day : "Sharpless 249 and the Jellyfish Nebula"

2019 March 7
"Sharpless 249 and the Jellyfish Nebula" Image Credit & Copyright: Data - Steve Milne & Barry Wilson, Processing - Steve Milne

Explanation: Normally faint and elusive, the Jellyfish Nebula is caught in this alluring telescopic field of view. The entire scene is a two panel mosaic constructed using narrowband image data, with emission from sulfur, hydrogen and oxygen atoms shown in red, green and blue hues. It's anchored right and left by two bright stars, Mu and Eta Geminorum, at the foot of the celestial twin. The Jellyfish Nebula itself is right of center, the brighter arcing ridge of emission with dangling tentacles. In fact, the cosmic jellyfish is part of bubble-shaped supernova remnant IC 443, the expanding debris cloud from a massive star that exploded. Light from the explosion first reached planet Earth over 30,000 years ago. Like its cousin in astrophysical waters the Crab Nebula supernova remnant, the Jellyfish Nebula is known to harbor a neutron star, the remnant of the collapsed stellar core. An emission nebula cataloged as Sharpless 249 fills the field at the upper left. The Jellyfish Nebula is about 5,000 light-years away. At that distance, this image would be about 300 light-years across.

Science et Technologie - Le monde minéral et ses trésors cachés : "Stromatolite de la mine de Corsica, Minnesota"

"Stromatolite de la mine de Corsica, Minnesota"

Certains stromatolites datent de près de 3,5 milliards d'années. Elles étaient présentes dans des eaux peu profondes. Il s'agit de la première manifestation de vie dont la trace nous soit parvenue.

Ciência e Tecnologia - Saude e Medecina - Adeus mamografia : testes ao sangue para detetar o cancro da mama

Nos últimos tempos, vários centros de investigação estão na corrida para criar testes ao sangue para detetar marcadores de cancro da mama antes de este ser visível na mamografia. A Universidade de Heidelberg anuncia ter um teste pronto para entrar no mercado ainda em 2019.

Sarah Schott, do Hospital Universitário de Heidelberg, na Alemanha, está convicta de que o teste que a sua equipa desenvolveu estará disponível no mercado ainda este ano e poderá com grande vantagem substituir a mamografia na deteção do cancro da mama, pelo menos nas mulheres com menos de 50 anos.

Descrito pelos investigadores como "uma biopsia líquida" e "não invasiva", o teste, intitulado HeiScreen, já detetou 15 tipos diferentes de células de cancro da mama e tem ainda a vantagem de identificar o cancro antes de este ser visível através das técnicas de raios X ou ecografia. É também mais económico, requerendo apenas alguns mililitros de sangue e podendo ser feito em qualquer laboratório.

Diario de Noticias - Portugal

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : "X-Ray Superbubbles in Galaxy NGC 3079"

2019 March 5
X-Ray Superbubbles in Galaxy NGC 3079 
Image Credit: X-ray: NASA, CXC, U. Michigan, J-T Li et al.; Optical: NASA, STScI

Explanation: What created these huge galactic superbubbles? Two of these unusual bubbles, each spanning thousands of light-years, were recently discovered near the center of spiral galaxy NGC 3079. The superbubbles, shown in purple on the image right, are so hot they emit X-rays detected by NASA's Earth-orbiting Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Since the bubbles straddle the center of NGC 3079, a leading hypothesis is that they were somehow created by the interaction of the central supermassive black hole with surrounding gas. Alternatively, the superbubbles might have been created primarily by the energetic winds from many young and hot stars near that galaxy's center. The only similar known phenomenon is the gamma-ray emitting Fermi bubbles emanating from the center of our Milky Way Galaxy, discovered 10 years ago in images taken by NASA's Fermi satellite. Research into the nature of the NGC 3079superbubbles will surely continue, as well as searches for high-energy superbubbles in other galaxies.