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31/08/2019

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : Spitzer's Orion

2019 August 31
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Spitzer's Orion 
Image Credit: NASAJPL-Caltech
Explanation: Few cosmic vistas excite the imagination like the Orion Nebula, an immense stellar nursery some 1,500 light-years away. Spanning about 40 light-years across the region, this infrared image from the Spitzer Space Telescope was constructed from data intended to monitor the brightness of the nebula's young stars, many still surrounded by dusty, planet-forming disks. Orion's young stars are only about 1 million years old, compared to the Sun's age of 4.6 billion years. The region's hottest stars are found in the Trapezium Cluster, the brightest cluster near picture center. Launched into orbit around the Sun on August 25, 2003 Spitzer's liquid helium coolant ran out in May 2009. The infrared space telescope continues to operate though, its mission scheduled to end on January 30, 2020. Recorded in 2010, this false color view is from two channels that still remain sensitive to infrared light at Spitzer's warmer operating temperatures.

30/08/2019

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : NGC 7129 and NGC 7142

2019 August 30
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NGC 7129 and NGC 7142 
Image Credit & CopyrightSteve Cannistra (StarryWonders)
Explanation: This wide-field telescopic image looks toward the constellation Cepheus and an intriguing visual pairing of dusty reflection nebula NGC 7129 (right) and open star cluster NGC 7142. The two appear separated by only half a degree on the sky, but they actually lie at quite different distances. In the foreground, dusty nebula NGC 7129 is about 3,000 light-years distant, while open cluster NGC 7142 is likely over 6,000 light-years away. In fact, pervasive and clumpy foreground dust clouds in this region redden the light from NGC 7142, complicating astronomical explorations of the cluster. Still, NGC 7142 is thought to be an older open star cluster, while the bright stars embedded in NGC 7129 are perhaps a few million years young. The telltale reddish crescent shapes around NGC 7129 are associated with energetic jets streaming away from newborn stars.

29/08/2019

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : M27: Not a Comet

2019 August 29
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M27: Not a Comet 
Image Credit & CopyrightBob Franke
Explanation: While hunting for comets in the skies above 18th century France, astronomer Charles Messier diligently kept a list of the things he encountered that were definitely not comets. This is number 27 on his now famous not-a-comet list. In fact, 21st century astronomers would identify it as a planetary nebula, but it's not a planet either, even though it may appear round and planet-like in a small telescope. Messier 27 (M27) is an excellent example of a gaseous emission nebula created as a sun-like star runs out of nuclear fuel in its core. The nebula forms as the star's outer layers are expelled into space, with a visible glow generated by atoms excited by the dying star's intense but invisible ultraviolet light. Known by the popular name of the Dumbbell Nebula, the beautifully symmetric interstellar gas cloud is over 2.5 light-years across and about 1,200 light-years away in the constellation Vulpecula. This impressive color composite highlights details within the well-studied central region and fainter, seldom imaged features in the nebula's outer halo. It incorporates broad and narrowband images recorded using filters sensitive to emission from hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

28/08/2019

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : Messier 61 Close Up

2019 August 28
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Messier 61 Close Up 
Image Credit: NASAESAHubbleESO, Amateur Data; Processing & Copyright: Robert Gendler & Roberto Colombari
Explanation: Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It's considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.

27/08/2019

Ciência & Tecnologia - Saude/Medecina : canábis, bom para a saude ?

Resultado de imagem para image de canabis

Investigadores da Universidade de Western Ontário, no Canadá, realizaram um estudo com vista a perceber os diferentes efeitos psicológicos que a canábis provoca nos consumidores. Publicado este mês na revista Scientific Reports, o estudo representa um grande avanço na compreensão dos efeitos da droga no cérebro humano.

A pergunta de partida para a investigação era há muito uma grande dúvida dos cientistas e da população em geral: qual o motivo de algumas pessoas terem emoções positivas como reação ao consumo de canábis e outras demonstrarem emoções negativas.

Segundo Steven Laviolette, um dos autores do estudo, a premissa levou os investigadores para um campo ainda pouco explorado. “Sabemos muito sobre os efeitos a longo e a curto prazo, mas há muito pouco conhecimento sobre as áreas específicas do cérebro que são responsáveis pelo controlo desses efeitos”.
E a resposta pode ter a ver com as diferentes partes do cérebro, em particular, qual das partes é mais sensível ao tetraidrocanabinol (THC), substância psicoativa libertada pela canábis. Em algumas pessoas, a parte do cérebro mais sensível é a frontal e, nesse caso, provoca sentimentos de conforto, tranquilidade e felicidade. Se a parte mais sensível à substância for a região posterior do cérebro, a droga fará a pessoa sentir medo e alguma paranoia infundada.

Esta investigação foi realizada em ratos de laboratório, mas os cientistas acreditam estar muito mais perto da verdade sobre os efeitos da canábis nos seres humanos. O próximo passo passará sobretudo pela experiência relatada por aqueles que consomem.

Visão - Portugal

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : Dark Dust and Colorful Clouds near Antares

2019 August 27
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Dark Dust and Colorful Clouds near Antares 
Image Credit: David McGarvey
Explanation: Why is the sky near Antares and Rho Ophiuchi so dusty yet colorful? The colors result from a mixture of objects and processes. Fine dust illuminated from the front by starlight produces blue reflection nebulae. Gaseous clouds whose atoms are excited by ultraviolet starlight produce reddish emission nebulae. Backlit dust clouds block starlight and so appear darkAntares, a red supergiant and one of the brighter stars in the night sky, lights up the yellow-red clouds on the lower left of the featured image. Rho Ophiuchi lies at the center of the blue nebula near the top. The distant globular cluster M4 is visible to the right of Antares. These star clouds are even more colorful than humans can see, emitting light across the electromagnetic spectrum.

Music - Live - Video : George Gershwin - Robert Alda, Joan Leslie, Alexis Smith : "Rhapsody in Blue"

"Rhapsody in blue"

26/08/2019

Ciência e Tecnologia - Saude/Medecina : Cientistas portugueses testam com sucesso vacina contra cancro

Imagem relacionada
Cientistas luso-israelitas testaram com sucesso uma vacina contra o melanoma metastático, um cancro agressivo de pele que se dissemina por outros órgãos, tendo aumentando a sobrevivência de ratinhos em laboratório, o que pode ser promissor para travar a doença.

O estudo, coordenado em Portugal pela investigadora Helena Florindo, da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, foi publicado na revista científica britânica Nature Nanotechnology.

A vacina experimental foi usada em ratinhos com melanoma metastático, um tipo de cancro em que os doentes respondem pouco à imunoterapia (tratamento em que são ativadas as células do sistema imunitário para combater o tumor).

No caso, a equipa de Helena Florindo, em parceria com um grupo de trabalho da Universidade de Tel Aviv, de Israel, criou uma vacina capaz de "treinar" o sistema imunitário para reagir contra marcadores biológicos das células tumorais e destruir apenas estas células, evitando efeitos adversos em células ou órgãos saudáveis (como sucede com a quimioterapia).

A cientista explicou à Lusa que a vacina tem na sua composição um açúcar simples (manose) e uma sequência de dois péptidos (frações de proteínas) que está presente nas células de melanoma.

A vacina não vai atuar no tumor, mas nas células dendríticas, que fazem parte do sistema imunitário, que protege o organismo contra agentes invasores.

Segundo Helena Florindo, estas células "vão reconhecer a vacina e torná-la visível" a outras células do sistema imunitário, os linfócitos T, que desempenham um papel fundamental na autodestruição de células cancerígenas.

No fundo, as células dendríticas "vão mostrar" às células T que "é contra esses péptidos [inoculados na vacina] que têm de reagir", adiantou a investigadora da Universidade de Lisboa.

Antes de testarem o efeito terapêutico da vacina nos ratinhos doentes, os cientistas verificaram o seu efeito profilático, quando os roedores foram vacinados antes de desenvolverem um cancro agressivo: metade dos animais sobreviveram "durante um longo tempo" após terem recebido igualmente três doses da vacina experimental, combinada com imunoterapia contra o melanoma metastático.

Num próximo passo, a equipa científica, que pretende patentear a vacina e produzi-la à escala industrial para a testar novamente em animais e depois em humanos, vai estudar as implicações da vacina no cancro do pâncreas, cujos doentes têm uma sobrevida "muito baixa".

Jornal Médico - Portugal

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : NGC 2170: Angel Nebula Still Life

2019 August 26
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NGC 2170: Angel Nebula Still Life 
Image Credit & Copyright: Juan Lozano de Haro
Explanation: Is this a painting or a photograph? In this classic celestial still life composed with a cosmic brush, dusty nebula NGC 2170, also known as the Angel Nebula, shines near the image center. Reflecting the light of nearby hot stars, NGC 2170 is joined by other bluish reflection nebulae, a red emission region, many dark absorption nebulae, and a backdrop of colorful stars. Like the common household items that still life painters often choose for their subjects, the clouds of gas, dust, and hot stars featured here are also commonly found in this setting -- a massive, star-forming molecular cloud in the constellation of the Unicorn (Monoceros). The giant molecular cloudMon R2, is impressively close, estimated to be only 2,400 light-years or so away. At that distance, this canvas would be over 60 light-years across.

25/08/2019

Science et technologie - Aeronautique - Vidéo : Voici une aile volante de poche : l'Horten HX-2

Présenté pour la première fois début avril au salon Aero Friedrichshafen en Allemagne, le HX-2 est une sorte d’aile volante de poche (voir ses dimensions dans la vidéo). Ce prototype biplace côte à côte vole depuis l’été dernier. Il a été développé en trois ans par la société allemande Horten Aircraft dont le siège est à Eisenach, 200 km à l’est de Cologne. 

Dépourvu de fuselage et doté de winglets en bout d’ailes, le HX-2 pèse 400 kg à vide et peut en théorie parcourir 3 000 km grâce à son profil aérodynamique singulier. Equipé d’une hélice à l’arrière alimentée par un moteur Rotax (912iS) de 100 CV, sa vitesse maximale reste pour l’heure confidentielle. On ne sait pas non plus si cet avion sera produit en série. Ses concepteurs planchent en effet sur d’autres versions. Mais une chose est sûre, sur le tarmac ou dans les airs, le HX-2 fait son petit effet.

Aeronewstv

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : Leaving Earth

2019 August 25
Leaving Earth Video Credit: NASA/JHU Applied Physics Lab/Carnegie Inst. Washington
Explanation: What it would look like to leave planet Earth? Such an event was recorded visually in great detail by the MESSENGER spacecraft as it swung back past the Earth, eight years ago, on its way in toward the planet Mercury. Earth can be seen rotating in this time-lapse video, as it recedes into the distance. The sunlit half of Earth is so bright that background stars are not visible. The robotic MESSENGER spacecraft is now in orbit around Mercuryand has recently concluded the first complete map of the surface. On occasion, MESSENGER has continued to peer back at its home world. MESSENGER is one of the few things created on the Earth that has left and will never return -- at the end of its mission MESSENGER will be crashed into Mercury's surface.

24/08/2019

Science & Technologie - Aeronautique - Avions du futur : Un Airbus aux longues ailes

Un Airbus aux longues ailes
Sur ce concept d'avion étudié par Airbus pour 2030 à 2050, les ailes sont plus longues et plus fines, pour une meilleure efficacité, le fuselage n'est pas tubulaire mais élargi, pour un volumeintérieur plus grand, les réacteurs sont installés contre le fuselage et non sous les ailes. Selon Airbus, la fiabilité des moteurs futurs sera meilleure et réduira le besoin d'une grande accessibilité. Cette disposition réduit le bruit et autorise des voilures différentes. Ici, l'empennage est en U, sans queue centrale. © Airbus

Science & Technology - Axtronomy picture of the day : Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri

2019 August 24
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Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri 
Image Credit & CopyrightMichael MillerJimmy Walker
Explanation: Globular star cluster Omega Centauri, also known as NGC 5139, is some 15,000 light-years away. The cluster is packed with about 10 million stars much older than the Sun within a volume about 150 light-years in diameter. It's the largest and brightest of 200 or so known globular clusters that roam the halo of our Milky Way galaxy. Though most star clusters consist of stars with the same age and composition, the enigmatic Omega Cen exhibits the presence of different stellar populations with a spread of ages and chemical abundances. In fact, Omega Cen may be the remnant core of a small galaxy merging with the Milky Way.

23/08/2019

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : NGC 1499: The California Nebula

2019 August 23
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NGC 1499: The California Nebula 
Image Credit & CopyrightSara Wager
Explanation: Drifting through the Orion Arm of the spiral Milky Way Galaxy, this cosmic cloud by chance echoes the outline of California on the west coast of the United States. Our own Sun also lies within the Milky Way's Orion Arm, only about 1,500 light-years from the California Nebula. Also known as NGC 1499, the classic emission nebula is around 100 light-years long. The California Nebula shines with the telltale reddish glow characteristic of hydrogen atoms recombining with long lost electrons. The electrons have been stripped away, ionized by energetic starlight. Most likely providing the energetic starlight that ionizes much of the nebular gas is the bright, hot, bluish star Xi Persei just to the right of the nebula. A popular target for astrophotographers, this deep California Nebula image is a 6 panel telecopic mosaic and covers a wide field of view. The nebula lies toward the constellation Perseus, not far from thePleiades.

22/08/2019

Science & Techology - Astronomie picture of the day : Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 4945

2019 August 22 
Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 4945 
Image Credit & CopyrightMartin Pugh
See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.Explanation: Large spiral galaxy NGC 4945 is seen edge-on near the center of this cosmic galaxy portrait. In fact, it's almost the size of our Milky Way Galaxy. NGC 4945's own dusty disk, young blue star clusters, and pink star forming regions standout in the sharp, colorful telescopic image. About 13 million light-years distant toward the expansive southern constellation Centaurus, NGC 4945 is only about six times farther away than Andromeda, the nearest large spiral galaxy to the Milky Way. Though this galaxy's central region is largely hidden from view for optical telescopes, X-ray and infrared observations indicate significant high energy emission and star formation in the core of NGC 4945. Its obscured but active nucleus qualifies the gorgeous island universe as a Seyfert galaxy and home to a central supermassive black hole.

21/08/2019

Science & Technologie - Santé/Médecine : Coup de soleil, danger !


Resultado de imagem para image de coup de soleil

Le coup de soleil est une brûlure superficielle de la peau, qui survient lorsqu'on s'est trop exposé au soleil. Les rayons UVB détériorent le microARN des cellules, ce qui entraîne une réponse inflammatoire de l'organisme. Cela se traduit par une peau chaude, rouge et douloureuse. Dans certains cas, il peut même se former une cloque remplie d'exsudat. L'inflammation disparaît normalement en quelques jours, mais il existe des moyens pour atténuer la douleur et les rougeurs.

Coup de soleil : comment l'apaiser ?
Rafraîchissez la peau en prenant une douche fraîche (entre 15 °C et 20 °C) ou un bain et en appliquant une compresse froide sur la zone douloureuse.
Buvez abondamment pour vous hydrater.
Appliquez une crème émolliente et cicatrisante type Biafine, ou un gel apaisant à l’aloe vera. Favorisez les produits contenant de la vitamine C et E, qui accélèrent la cicatrisation et minimisent la desquamation de la peau.
Ne cherchez pas à percer les cloques ou enlever la peau qui pèle.
Si les douleurs sont importantes, prenez un anti-inflammatoire type aspirine ou ibuprofène.
Couvrez la zone brûlée avec des vêtements en coton non irritants et évitez toute nouvelle exposition au soleil pendant deux à trois semaines.

Futura Sciences - France

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : The Orion You Can Almost See

2019 August 21
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The Orion You Can Almost See 
Image Credit & Copyright: John Gleason & Rogelio Bernal Andreo
Explanation: Do you recognize this constellation? Although it is one of the most recognizable star groupings on the sky, this is a more full Orion than you can see -- an Orion only revealed with long exposure digital camera imaging andpost-processing. Here the cool red giant Betelgeuse takes on a strong orange tint as the brightest star at the lower left. Orion's hot blue stars are numerous, with supergiant Rigel balancing Betelgeuse on the upper right, and Bellatrix at the upper left. Lined up in Orion's belt are three stars all about 1,500 light-years away, born from the constellation's well-studied interstellar clouds. To the right of Orion's belt is a bright but fuzzy patch that might also look familiar -- the stellar nursery known as Orion's Nebula. Finally, just barely visible to the unaided eye but quite striking here is Barnard's Loop -- a huge gaseous emission nebula surrounding Orion's Belt and Nebula discovered over 100 years ago by the pioneering Orion photographer E. E. Barnard.

20/08/2019

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : Animation: Spiral Disk around a Black Hole

2019 August 20
Animation: Spiral Disk around a Black Hole Illustrated Animation Credit: ESANASAHubbleM. Kornmesser
Explanation: What would it look like to orbit a black hole? Many black holes are surrounded by swirling pools of gas known as accretion disks. These disks can be extremely hot, and much of the orbiting gas will eventually fall through the black hole's event horizon -- where it will never been seen again. The featured animation is an artist's rendering of the curious disk spiraling around the supermassive black hole at the center of spiral galaxy NGC 3147. Gas at the inner edge of this disk is so close to the black hole that it moves unusually fast -- at 10 percent of the speed of light. Gas this fast shows relativistic beaming, making the side of the disk heading toward us appear significantly brighter than the side moving away. The animation is based on images of NGC 3147 made recently with the Hubble Space Telescope.

19/08/2019

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : Lenticular Clouds over Mount Etna

2019 August 19
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Lenticular Clouds over Mount Etna 
Image Credit & Copyright: Dario Giannobile
Explanation: What's happening above that volcano? Although Mount Etna is seen erupting, the clouds are not related to the eruption. They are lenticular clouds formed when moist air is forced upwards near a mountain or volcano. The surreal scene was captured by chance late last month when the astrophotographer went to Mount Etna, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in SicilyItaly, to photograph the conjunction between the Moon and the star Aldebaran. The Moon appears in a bright crescent phase, illuminating an edge of the lower lenticular cloud. Red hot lava flows on the right. Besides some breathtaking stills, a companion time-lapse video of the scene shows the lenticular clouds forming and wavering as stars trail far in the distance.

18/08/2019

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : Human as Spaceship

2019 August 18
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Human as Spaceship 
Space Image Credit: NASAESAHubble, and J. Maiz- Apellániz (IAA); Acknowledgement: D. De Martin;
Human Image Copyright: Charis TsevisComposition: R. J. Nemiroff
Explanation: You are a spaceship soaring through the universe. So is your dog. We all carry with us trillions of microorganisms as we go through life. These multitudes of bacteriafungi, and archaea have different DNA than you. Collectively called your microbiome, your shipmates outnumber your own cells. Your crew members form communities, help digest food, engage in battles against intruders, and sometimes commute on a liquid superhighway from one end of your body to the other. Much of what your microbiome does, however, remains unknown. You are the captain, but being nice to your crew may allow you to explore more of your local cosmos.

17/08/2019

Science & Technologie - Santé/Médecine - Alimentation : Pomme, thé et modération : les trois ingrédients pour une longue vie ?

Plus d’aliments riches en flavonoïdes pour vivre plus longtemps
Consommer régulièrement des aliments riches en flavonoïdes (antioxydants), tels que les pommes et le thé, et faire preuve de modération voire d’abstinence en matière d’alcool et de tabac. Voilà peut-être la clé d’une vie plus longue et en meilleure santé.

C’est en tout cas ce que suggère une nouvelle étude, publiée dans la revue Nature Communications et menée par des chercheurs australiens, de l’Université Edith Cowan. Une alimentation riche en flavonoïdes protègerait en effet des cancers et des maladies cardiovasculaires.

L’équipe s’est ici penchée sur les données d’une cohorte danoise sur l’alimentation, le cancer et la santé, comprenant 56 048 Danois, suivis pendant 23 ans. Les chercheurs ont alors constaté qu’une consommation modérée à élevée d’aliments riches en flavonoïdes (raisin, pommes, poires, thé, cacao…) était associée à un moindre risque de cancer ou de problèmes cardiaques.

“Ces résultats sont importants car ils mettent en évidence la possibilité de prévenir le cancer et les maladies cardiaques en encourageant la consommation d'aliments riches en flavonoïdes, en particulier chez les personnes à haut risque de contracter ces maladies chroniques”, à savoir les fumeurs et buveurs réguliers, a commenté le Dr Nicola Bondonno, principale auteure de l’étude. La chercheuse précise cependant que “ la consommation de flavonoïdes ne résout pas tout le risque accru de décès dû au tabagisme et à la consommation excessive d'alcool”. “La meilleure chose à faire pour sa santé est de loin de cesser de fumer et de réduire sa consommation d'alcool”, a-t-elle ajouté. Cela étant, comme le sevrage tabagique ou alcoolique peut être difficile, la scientifique estime qu’encourager la consommation de flavonoïdes pourrait être un moyen novateur d’atténuer ce sur-risque.

Dans leur étude, les chercheurs ont précisé que les participants consommant environ 500 mg de flavonoïdes par jour présentaient le risque le plus faible de décès par cancer ou problème cardiaque. Cette quantité serait assez facilement atteignable, avec par exemple : une tasse de thé, une pomme, une orange, 100 g de myrtilles et 100 g de brocolis.

Pour les auteurs, qui comptent poursuivre leurs recherches, c’est le caractère anti-inflammatoire des flavonoïdes et leur capacité à améliorer la fonction des vaisseaux sanguins qui expliqueraient leurs effets protecteurs.

Santé Magazine - France

Science & Technologie - Avions du futur : Icon-II, le Boeing supersonique silencieux

Icon-II, le Boeing supersonique silencieux
Icon-II est une étude de Boeing pour un supersonique silencieux, du moins à peu près exempt de bang supersonique. Il pourrait voler plus vite que le son au-dessus des terres habitées, contrairement au Concorde auquel certaines contraintes sont imposées. On remarque les réacteurs placés au-dessus des ailes. © Nasa, Boeing

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : 1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula

2019 August 17
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1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula 
Image Credit: George Ritchey, Yerkes Observatory - Digitization Project: W. Cerny,
R. Kron, Y. Liang, J. Lin, M. Martinez, E. Medina, B. Moss, B. Ogonor, M. Ransom, J. Sanchez (Univ. of Chicago)
Explanation: By the turn of the 20th century advances in photography contributed an important tool for astronomers. Improving photographic materials, long exposures, and new telescope designs produced astronomical images with details not visible at the telescopic eyepiece alone. Remarkably recognizable to astrophotographers today, this stunning image of the star forming Orion Nebula was captured in 1901 by American astronomer and telescope designerGeorge Ritchey. The original glass photographic plate, sensitive to green and blue wavelengths, has been digitized and light-to-dark inverted to produce a positive image. His hand written notes indicate a 50 minute long exposure that ended at dawn and a reflecting telescope aperture of 24 inches masked to 18 inches to improve the sharpness of the recorded image. Ritchey's plates from over a hundred years ago preserve astronomical data and can still be used forexploring astrophysical processes.

16/08/2019

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : The Elephant's Trunk Nebula in Cepheus

2019 August 16
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The Elephant's Trunk Nebula in Cepheus 
Image Credit & Copyright: Chuck Ayoub
Explanation: Like an illustration in a galactic Just So Story, the Elephant's Trunk Nebula winds through the emission nebula and young star cluster complex IC 1396, in the high and far off constellation of Cepheus. Also known as vdB 142, the cosmic elephant's trunk is over 20 light-years long. This colorful close-up view was recorded through narrow band filters that transmit the light from ionized hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen atoms in the region. The resulting composite highlights the bright swept-back ridges that outline pockets of cool interstellar dust and gas. Such embedded, dark, tendril-shaped clouds contain the raw material for star formation and hide protostars within. Nearly 3,000light-years distant, the relatively faint IC 1396 complex covers a large region on the sky, spanning over 5 degrees. The dramatic scene spans a 1 degree wide field, about the size of 2 Full Moons.

Science & Technologie - Avions du futur : La soucoupe volante

Projet CleanEra : pourquoi pas une soucoupe volante ?
L’équipe du projet CleanEra, menée par Etnel Straatsma, de l’université technologique de Delft (Hollande), a imaginé une gigantesque soucoupe volante, une forme censée réduire la consommation. Cette équipe hollandaise étudie différentes solutions pour des avions plus économes, notamment le retour à l’hélice. © CleanEra, Delft University of Technology

15/08/2019

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : The Perseids and the Plough

2019 August 15
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The Perseids and the Plough 
Image Credit & CopyrightJeff Dai (TWAN)
Explanation: Despite interfering moonlight, many denizens of planet Earth were able to watch this year's Perseid meteor shower. This pastoral scene includes local skygazers admiring the shower's brief, heavenly flashes in predawn hours near peak activity on August 13 from Nalati Grassland in Xinjiang, China. A composite, the image registers seven frames taken during a two hour span recording Perseid meteor streaks against a starry sky. Centered along the horizon is the Plough, the north's most famous asterism, though some might see the familiar celestial kitchen utensil known as the Big Dipper. Perhaps the year's most easily enjoyed meteor shower, Perseid meteors are produced as Earth itself sweeps through dust from periodic comet Swift-Tuttle. The dust particles are vaporized at altitudes of 100 kilometers or so as they plow through the atmosphere at 60 kilometers per second.

13/08/2019

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : Supernova Cannon Expels Pulsar J0002

2019 August 13
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Supernova Cannon Expels Pulsar J0002 
Image Credit: F. Schinzel et al. (NRAONSF), Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (DRAO), NASA (IRAS); Composition: Jayanne English (U. Manitoba)
Explanation: What could shoot out a neutron star like a cannon ball? A supernova. About 10,000 years ago, the supernova that created the nebular remnant CTB 1 not only destroyed a massive star but blasted its newly formedneutron star core -- a pulsar -- out into the Milky Way Galaxy. The pulsar, spinning 8.7 times a second, was discovered using downloadable software Einstein@Home searching through data taken by NASA's orbiting Fermi Gamma-Ray Observatory. Traveling over 1,000 kilometers per second, the pulsar PSR J0002+6216 (J0002 for short) has already left the supernova remnant CTB 1, and is even fast enough to leave our Galaxy. Pictured, the trail of the pulsaris visible extending to the lower left of the supernova remnant. The featured image is a combination of radio images from the VLA and DRAO radio observatories, as well as data archived from NASA's orbiting IRAS infraredobservatory. It is well known that supernovas can act as cannons, and even that pulsars can act as cannonballs -- what is not known is how supernovas do it.

09/08/2019

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : Atlas at Dawn

2019 August 9
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Atlas at Dawn 
Image Credit & CopyrightMichael Seeley
Explanation: This single, 251-second long exposure follows the early flight of an Atlas V rocket on August 8, streaking eastward toward the dawn from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, planet Earth. The launch of the United Launch Alliance rocket was at 6:13am local time. Sunrise was not until 6:48am, but the rocket's downrange plume at altitude is brightly lit by the Sun still just below the eastern horizon. Waters of the Indian River Lagoon in Palm Shores, Forida reflect subtle colors and warming glow of the otherwise calm, predawn sky. The mighty Atlas rocket carried a military communications satellite into Earth orbit. Of course, this weekend the streaks you see in clear skies before the dawn could be Perseid Meteors.

07/08/2019

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : Jupiter Engulfed and the Milky Way

2019 August 7
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Jupiter Engulfed and the Milky Way 
Image Credit & Copyright: Mohammad S. Hayati
Explanation: This is a good month to see Jupiter. To find our Solar System's largest planet in your sky, look toward the southeast just after sunset -- Jupiter should be the brightest object in that part of the sky. If you have a binoculars or a small telescope, you should be able to see Jupiter's four brightest moons right nearby, and possibly some cloud bands. The featured image was taken about a month ago from the Persian Gulf. The image shows Jupiter just to the right of the nearly vertical band of the central disk of our Milky Way Galaxy. The unnamed rock formations appear in projection like the jaws of a giant monster ready to engulf the Jovian giant. When you see Jupiter, it may be interesting to know that NASA's robotic Juno spacecraft is simultaneously visiting and studying the giant planet. Saturn is also visible this month, and although it is nearby to Jupiter, it is not as bright.

04/08/2019

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : Rumors of a Dark Universe

2019 August 4
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Rumors of a Dark Universe 
Image Credit: High-Z Supernova Search TeamHSTNASA
Explanation: Twenty-one years ago results were first presented indicating that most of the energy in our universe is not in stars or galaxies but is tied to space itself. In the language of cosmologists, a large cosmological constant -- dark energy -- was directly implied by new distant supernova observations. Suggestions of a cosmological constant were not new -- they have existed since the advent of modern relativistic cosmology. Such claims were not usually popular with astronomers, though, because dark energy was so unlike known universe components, because dark energy's abundance appeared limited by other observations, and because less-strange cosmologies without a signficant amount of dark energy had previously done well in explaining the data. What was exceptional here was the seemingly direct and reliable method of the observations and the good reputations of the scientists conducting the investigations. Over the two decades, independent teams of astronomers have continued to accumulate data that appears to confirm the existence of dark energy and the unsettling result of a presently accelerating universe. In 2011, the team leaders wereawarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work. The featured picture of a supernova that occurred in 1994 on the outskirts of a spiral galaxy was taken by one of these collaborations.


02/08/2019

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : Chamaeleon II Dark Cloud

019 August 2
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Chamaeleon II Dark Cloud 
Image Credit & Copyright: Don Goldman
Explanation: A small constellation hiding near the south celestial pole, The Chamaeleon boasts no bright stars. Stars are forming within its constellation boundaries though, in a complex of dark, dusty molecular clouds. Some 500 light-years distant, the Chamaeleon II dark nebula inhabits this view where the cosmic dust clouds standout mostly in silhouette against the starry southern sky. The telescopic frame is about the angular size of a Full Moon and so spans about 5 light-years at the dark cloud's estimated distance. Scattered near center a telltale reddish glow from identified Herbig-Haro objects is seen in the sharp image, jets of shocked glowing gas emanating from recently formed stars.

01/08/2019

Science & Technology - Astronomy picture of the day : Elements in the Aftermath

2019 August 1
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Elements in the Aftermath 
Image Credit: NASA/CXC/SAO
Explanation: Massive stars spend their brief lives furiously burning nuclear fuel. Through fusion at extreme temperatures and densities surrounding the stellar core, nuclei of light elements ike Hydrogen and Helium are combined to heavier elements like Carbon, Oxygen, etc. in a progression which ends with Iron. So a supernova explosion, a massive star's inevitable and spectacular demise, blasts back into space debris enriched in heavier elements to be incorporated into other stars and planets and people). This detailed false-color x-ray image from the orbiting Chandra Observatory shows such a hot, expanding stellar debris cloud about 36 light-years across. Cataloged asG292.0+1.8, this young supernova remnant is about 20,000 light-years distant toward the southern constellation Centaurus. Light from the inital supernova explosion reached Earth an estimated 1,600 years ago. Bluish colors highlight filaments of the mulitmillion degree gas which are exceptionally rich in Oxygen, Neon, and Magnesium. This enriching supernova also produced a pulsar in its aftermath, a rotating neutron star remnant of the collapsed stellar core. The stunning image was released as part of the 20th anniversary celebration of the Chandra X-ray Observatory.

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