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31/10/2023

ASTRONOMY - Halloween and the Wizard Nebula

 2023 October 31

The center of the Wizard Nebula is shown featuring 
gas glowing in red and dust reflecting in blue. Dark
dust pillars are seen throughout the image. 
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Halloween and the Wizard Nebula
Image Credit & Copyright: Richard McInnis

Explanation: Halloween's origin is ancient and astronomical. Since the fifth century BC, Halloween has been celebrated as a cross-quarter day, a day halfway between an equinox (equal day / equal night) and a solstice (minimum day / maximum night in the northern hemisphere). With a modern calendar however, even though Halloween occurs today, the real cross-quarter day will occur next week. Another cross-quarter day is Groundhog Day. Halloween's modern celebration retains historic roots in dressing to scare away the spirits of the dead. Perhaps a fitting tribute to this ancient holiday is this closeup view of the Wizard Nebula (NGC 7380). Visually, the interplay of stars, gas, and dust has created a shape that appears to some like a fictional ancient sorcerer. Although the nebula may last only a few million years, some of the stars being conjured from the gas by the great gravitational powers may outlive our Sun.

30/10/2023

SANTE/MEDECINE - Pli dans le lobe de l'oreille


Maux de tête, toux ou nez qui coule ? Ce sont des symptômes que nous connaissons tous et que nous pouvons tous interpréter. Mais que se passe-t-il quand on a un pli dans le lobe de l'oreille ? Notre corps nous envoie de nombreux signaux qui nous permettent de détecter certaines maladies.

Les lobes d’oreilles ridés sont, la plupart du temps, le simple signe d’un âge avancé, mais si vous avez des rides en diagonale sur le lobe de vos deux oreilles, c’est souvent un signe de maladie cardio-vasculaire. Les personnes présentant ce phénomène ont 77 % plus de risques d’être touchées par une maladie cardio-vasculaire.

Lastucerie

ASTRONOMY - Reflections of the Ghost Nebula

 2023 October 30

A dark starfield is shown with several brown nebulas.
Many of the nebulas appear to have unusual shapes, with
one possibly resembling a bat, while other may resemble
people.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Reflections of the Ghost Nebula
Image Credit & Copyright: Bogdan Jarzyna

Explanation: Do any shapes seem to jump out at you from this interstellar field of stars and dust? The jeweled expanse, filled with faint, starlight-reflecting clouds, drifts through the night in the royal constellation of Cepheus. Far from your own neighborhood on planet Earth, these ghostly apparitions lurk along the plane of the Milky Way at the edge of the Cepheus Flare molecular cloud complex some 1,200 light-years away. Over two light-years across and brighter than the other spooky chimeras, VdB 141 or Sh2-136 is also known as the Ghost Nebula, seen toward the bottom of the featured image. Within the reflection nebula are the telltale signs of dense cores collapsing in the early stages of star formation.

29/10/2023

ASTRONOMY - A Partial Lunar Eclipse

 2023 October 29

Two images of a partial lunar eclipse are shown. On the left
the image is overexposed everywhere except the bottom right where
the eclipsed part of the Moon is visible. On the right image most
of the image is normally exposed but the bottom right part is dark.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

A Partial Lunar Eclipse
Image Credit & Copyright: Orazio Mezzio

Explanation: What's happened to the Moon? Within the last day, part of the Moon moved through the Earth's shadow. This happens about once or twice a year, but not every month since the Moon's orbit around the Earth is slightly tilted. Pictured here, the face of a full Hunter's Moon is shown twice from Italy during this partial lunar eclipse. On the left, most of the Moon appears overexposed except for the eclipsed bottom right, which shows some familiar lunar surface details. In contrast, on the right, most of the (same) Moon appears normally exposed, with the exception of the bottom right, which now appears dark. All lunar eclipses are visible from the half of the Earth facing the Moon at the time of the eclipse, but this eclipse was visible specifically from EuropeAfricaAsia, and Australia, clouds permitting. In April, a total solar eclipse will be visible from North America.

27/10/2023

SANTE/MEDECINE - (5/11) - Des lèvres constamment gercées

Maux de tête, toux ou nez qui coule ? Ce sont des symptômes que nous connaissons tous et que nous pouvons tous interpréter. Mais que se passe-t-il quand on a souvent les lèvres constamment gercées ? Notre corps nous envoie de nombreux signaux qui nous permettent de détecter certaines maladies.

Des lèvres constamment gercées

Si vous avez les lèvres gercées et que ce n’est pas dû à la météo, peut être que votre corps vous est en train de vous dire que vous êtes en carence de vitamine B ou de zinc. Les lèvres gercées étant sensibles aux infections fongiques, entre autres choses, il est fortement recommandé de se procurer un remède en pharmacie. Des lèvres constamment gercées ne doivent en aucun cas être négligées.

Lastucerie

ASTRONOMY - Encke and the Tadpoles

 2023 October 27

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download the highest resolution version available.

Encke and the Tadpoles
Image Credit & Copyright: Dan Bartlett

Explanation: History's second known periodic comet is Comet Encke (2P/Encke). As it swings through the inner Solar System, Encke's orbit takes it from an aphelion, its greatest distance from the Sun, inside the orbit of Jupiter to a perihelion just inside the orbit of Mercury. Returning to its perihelion every 3.3 years, Encke has the shortest period of the Solar System's major comets. Comet Encke is also associated with (at least) two annual meteor showers on planet Earth, the North and South Taurids. Both showers are active in late October and early November. Their two separate radiants lie near bright star Aldebaran in the head-strong constellation Taurus. A faint comet, Encke was captured in this telescopic field of view imaged on the morning of August 24. Then, Encke's pretty greenish coma was close on the sky to the young, embedded star cluster and light-years long, tadpole-shaped star-forming clouds in emission nebula IC 410. Now near bright star Spica in Virgo Comet Encke passed its 2023 perihelion only five days ago, on October 22.

25/10/2023

SANTE/MEDECINE - (4/11) - Quand le blanc des yeux n'est plus blanc

Maux de tête, toux ou nez qui coule ? Ce sont des symptômes que nous connaissons tous et que nous pouvons tous interpréter. Mais que se passe-t-il quand Le blanc des yeux qui n’est pas tout à fait blanc ? Notre corps nous envoie de nombreux signaux qui nous permettent de détecter certaines maladies.

Si le blanc de vos yeux tend vers le jaunâtre, cela peut être dû à plusieurs choses. La plupart du temps il ne s’agit que d’un rhume ou d’un manque de sommeil, mais il existe des causes plus graves, comme un dysfonctionnement du foie. Une couleur rougeâtre indiquera en revanche que vous souffrez probablement d’une conjonctivite ou de la chlamydia.

Lastucerie

ASTRONOMY - Gone in 60 Seconds: A Green Flash Sunset

 2023 October 25

Gone in 60 Seconds: A Green Flash Sunset
Video Credit & Copyright: Tengyu Cai

Explanation: In 60 seconds, this setting Sun will turn green. Actually, the top of the Sun already appears not only green, but wavey -- along with all of its edges. The Sun itself is unchanged -- both effects are caused by looking along hot and cold layers in Earth's atmosphere. The unusual color is known as a green flash and occurs because these atmospheric layers not only shift background images but disperse colors into slightly different directions, like a prism. The featured video was captured earlier this month off the coast of HawaiiUSA. After waiting those 60 seconds, at the video's end, the upper part of the Sun seems to hover alone in space, while turning not only green, but blue. Then suddenly, the Sun appears to shrink to nothing -- only to return tomorrow.

24/10/2023

SANTE/MEDECINE - (3/11) : Quand les sourcils retrécissent

Maux de tête, toux ou nez qui coule ? Ce sont des symptômes que nous connaissons tous et que nous pouvons tous interpréter. Mais que se passe-t-il quand vous perdez du poil aux sourcils ?

Les sourcils qui rétrécissent

Si vous perdez des poils aux extrémités externes de vos sourcils, il y a de quoi vous inquiéter. C’est peut-être un signe d’hypothyroïdie. Elle peut néanmoins être détectée par un test sanguin et traitée assez facilement.

Lastucerie

ASTRONOMY - Arp 87: Merging Galaxies from Hubble

 2023 October 24

Three large galaxies are shown, the rightmost 
two in collision. The galaxy on the far right is a large
spiral galaxy with one arm connected to an unusual 
polar galaxy on the left. The smaller galaxy on the far
left is thought to be far in the background.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Arp 87: Merging Galaxies from Hubble
Image Credit: NASAESAHubble; Processing: Harshwardhan Pathak

Explanation: This dance is to the death. As these two large galaxies duel, a cosmic bridge of stars, gas, and dust currently stretches over 75,000 light-years and joins them. The bridge itself is strong evidence that these two immense star systems have passed close to each other and experienced violent tides induced by mutual gravity. As further evidence, the face-on spiral galaxy on the right, also known as NGC 3808A, exhibits many young blue star clusters produced in a burst of star formation. The twisted edge-on spiral on the left (NGC 3808B) seems to be wrapped in the material bridging the galaxies and surrounded by a curious polar ring. Together, the system is known as Arp 87. While such interactions are drawn out over billions of years, repeated close passages will ultimately create one merged galaxy. Although this scenario does look unusual, galactic mergers are thought to be common, with Arp 87 representing a stage in this inevitable process. The Arp 87 dancing pair are about 300 million light-years distant toward the constellation of the Lion (Leo). The prominent edge-on spiral galaxy at the far left appears to be a more distant background galaxy and not involved in the on-going merger.

23/10/2023

SANTE/MEDECINE - (2/11) - Les cheveux gris avant 40 ans

Maux de tête, toux ou nez qui coule ? Ce sont des symptômes que nous connaissons tous et que nous pouvons tous interpréter. Mais que se passe-t-il quand on a soudainement beaucoup de cheveux gris ? Notre corps nous envoie de nombreux signaux qui nous permettent de détecter certaines maladies.

Les cheveux gris avant 40 ans

Les cheveux gris apparaissent plus tôt chez certaines personne que chez d’autres, souvent pour des raisons génétiques. Mais avoir des cheveux gris quand on a trente ans peut aussi être le signe que quelque chose ne va pas, surtout si vous êtes le seul à avoir ce genre de problèmes dans la famille. Dans ce cas, cela peut être un signe de « suracidification » de l’organisme ou de diabète.

L'astucerie

ASTRONOMY - Moon Io from Spacecraft Juno

 2023 October 23

Jupiter's moon Io is shown as photogaphred recently
by NASA's passing Juno spacecraft. The moon is nearly half-
lit by the distant Sun and shows a complex surface including
the colors yellow, orange, and dark brown. Near the top, the
plume of an active volcano can be seen.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Moon Io from Spacecraft Juno
Image Credit: NASAJPL-CaltechSwRIMSSS; Processing & Copyright: Ted Stryk & Fernando García Navarro

Explanation: There goes another one! Volcanoes on Jupiter's moon Io keep erupting. To investigate, NASA's robotic Juno spacecraft has begun a series of visits to this very strange moon. Io is about the size of Earth's moon, but because of gravitational flexing by Jupiter and other moons, Io's interior gets heated and its surface has become covered with volcanoes. The featured image is from last week's flyby, passing within 12,000 kilometers above the dangerously active world. The surface of Io is covered with sulfur and frozen sulfur dioxide, making it appear yellow, orange and brown. As hoped, Juno flew by just as a volcano was erupting -- with its faint plume visible near the top of the featured image. Studying Io's volcanoes and plumes helps humanity better understand how Jupiter's complex system of moons, rings, and auroras interact. Juno is scheduled to make two flybys of Io during the coming months that are almost 10 times closer: one in December and another in February 2024.

22/10/2023

SANTE/MEDECINE - (1/11) : La maladie bronzée

Maux de tête, toux ou nez qui coule ? Ce sont des symptômes que nous connaissons tous et que nous pouvons tous interpréter. Mais que se passe-t-il quand notre peau devient plus foncée sans être exposée au soleil ? Notre corps nous envoie de nombreux signaux qui nous permettent de détecter certaines maladies.
Voici des signaux d’alarme à prendre au sérieux, aussi insignifiants qu’ils puissent paraître.

Une peau qui bronze sans soleil

Si votre peau devient de plus en plus foncée, et ce sans être exposée au soleil, vous devriez consulter un médecin. Ce pourrait être la maladie d’Addison, ou « maladie bronzée ». La maladie entraîne un assombrissement de la peau et une fatigue chronique. Cependant, il existe des traitements permettant de soulager ces symptômes.

Lastucerie

ASTRONOMY - Ghost Aurora over Canada

 2023 October 22

A landscape is pictured with snow and a line of evergreen
trees. In the sky is a field of stars but also notable
green aurora. The largest aurora appears similar in form
to a Halloween ghost,
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Ghost Aurora over Canada
Image Credit & Copyright: Yuichi TakasakaTWAN

Explanation: What does this aurora look like to you? While braving the cold to watch the skies above northern Canada early one morning in 2013, a most unusual aurora appeared. The aurora definitely appeared to be shaped like something, but what? Two ghostly possibilities recorded by the astrophotographer were "witch" and "goddess of dawn", but please feel free to suggest your own Halloween-enhanced impressions. Regardless of fantastical pareidolic interpretations, the pictured aurora had a typical green color and was surely caused by the scientifically commonplace action of high-energy particles from space interacting with oxygen in Earth's upper atmosphere. In the image foreground, at the bottom, is a frozen Alexandra Falls, while evergreen trees cross the middle.

21/10/2023

ASTRONOMY - Quarter Moons

 023 October 21

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download the highest resolution version available.

Quarter Moons
Image Credit & Copyright: Marcella Giulia Pace

Explanation: Half way between New Moon and Full Moon is the Moon's first quarter phase. That's a quarter of the way around its moonthly orbit. At the first quarter phase, half the Moon's visible side is illuminated by sunlight. For the Moon's third quarter phase, half way between Full Moon and New Moon, sunlight illuminates the other half of the visible lunar disk. At both first and third quarter phases, the terminator, or shadow line separating the lunar night and day, runs down the middle. Near the terminator, long shadows bring lunar craters and mountains in to sharp relief, making the quarter phases a good time to observe the Moon. But in case you missed some, all the quarter phases of the Moon and their calendar dates during 2022 can be found in this well-planned array of telephoto images. Of course, you can observe a first quarter Moon tonight.

20/10/2023

SANTE/MEDECINE - Le CBD et le Sommeil (3/3)

Les avantages du CBD sous forme de tisane

Le principal atout de l’infusion de CBD est son goût agréable puisque sous d’autres aspects la saveur peut sembler amer chez certains consommateurs. D’ailleurs, la plante de chanvre est souvent couplée avec d’autres plantes reconnues pour favoriser la détente et la relaxation, ce qui aurait pour effet de décupler les bénéfices. On pense notamment à la verveine qui aide à lutter contre l’anxiété, à la camomille qui a des vertus apaisantes ou encore au tilleul qui facilite l’endormissement. Les infusions aromatisées (aux fruits ou aux légumes) permettent aussi de varier les saveurs et les senteurs.

La préparation est on ne peut plus simple : quelques grammes de tisane à infuser dans de l’eau frémissante entre 5 et 10 minutes selon les recommandations et vous pourrez déguster votre boisson chaude pour absorber naturellement tous ses principes actifs. Pour en maximiser les effets, il est conseillé d’ajouter un peu de matière grasse comme un soupçon de beurre, du lait ou encore de l’huile végétale.

De plus, la consommation de tisane est facile à intégrer dans une routine quotidienne en prenant 1 à 3 tasses au cours de la journée, la dernière étant bien souvent associée au rituel du soir. Il suffit alors de s’installer confortablement pour boire votre boisson chaude, idéalement en limitant les écrans avant le coucher.

FuturaSciences

ASTRONOMY - Galaxies and a Comet

 2023 October 20

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download the highest resolution version available.

Galaxies and a Comet
Image Credit & Copyright: Dan Bartlett

Explanation: Galaxies abound in this sharp telescopic image recorded on October 12 in dark skies over June Lake, California. The celestial scene spans nearly 2 degrees within the boundaries of the well-trained northern constellation Canes Venatici. Prominent at the upper left 23.5 million light-years distant is big, beautiful spiral galaxy NGC 4258, known to some as Messier 106. Eye-catching edge-on spiral NGC 4217 is above and right of center about 60 million light-years away. Just passing through the pretty field of view is comet C/2023 H2 Lemmon, discovered last April in image data from the Mount Lemmon Survey. Here the comet sports more of a lime green coma though, along with a faint, narrow ion tail stretching toward the top of the frame. This visitor to the inner Solar System is presently less than 7 light-minutes away and still difficult to spot with binoculars, but it's growing brighter. Comet C/2023 H2 Lemmon will reach perihelion, its closest point to the Sun, on October 29 and perigee, its closest to our fair planet, on November 10 as it transitions from morning to evening northern skies.

19/10/2023

ASTRONOMY - Dust and the Western Veil Nebula

 2023 October 18

Brown glowing dust appears to the left of the blue and 
red filamentary gas that composes the western edge of the
Veil Nebula, a supernova remnant. 
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Dust and the Western Veil Nebula
Image Credit & Copyright: Jiang Wu

Explanation: It's so big it is easy to miss. The entire Veil Nebula spans six times the diameter of the full moon, but is so dim you need binoculars to see it. The nebula was created about 15,000 years ago when a star in the constellation of the Swan (Cygnus) exploded. The spectacular explosion would have appeared brighter than even Venus for a week - but there is no known record of it. Pictured is the western edge of the still-expanding gas cloud. Notable gas filaments include the Witch's Broom Nebula on the upper left near the bright foreground star 52 Cygni, and Fleming's Triangular Wisp (formerly known as Pickering's Triangle) running diagonally up the image middle. What is rarely imaged -- but seen in the featured long exposure across many color bands -- is the reflecting brown dust that runs vertically up the image left, dust likely created in the cool atmospheres of massive stars.

17/10/2023

ASTRONOMY - PDS 70: Disk, Planets, and Moons

 2023 October 17

An orange elliptical ring is shown that is a disk of
gas and dust around the star PDS 70. In the center of the disk
is a fuzzy spot and near the inner right edge of the disk is
another fuzzy spot. 
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

PDS 70: Disk, Planets, and Moons
Image Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO); M. Benisty et al.

Explanation: It's not the big ring that's attracting the most attention. Although the big planet-forming ring around the star PDS 70 is clearly imaged and itself quite interesting. It's also not the planet on the right, just inside the big disk, that’s being talked about the most. Although the planet PDS 70c is a newly formed and, interestingly, similar in size and mass to Jupiter. It's the fuzzy patch around the planet PDS 70c that's causing the commotion. That fuzzy patch is thought to be a dusty disk that is now forming into moons -- and that had never been seen before. The featured image was taken in 2021 by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) of 66 radio telescopes in the high Atacama Desert of northern Chile. Based on ALMA data, astronomers infer that the moon-forming exoplanetary disk has a radius similar to our Earth's orbit, and may one day form three or so Luna-sized moons -- not very different from our Jupiter's four.

SANTE/MEDECINE - Le CBD et le sommeil (2/3)


Idéal pour contrer des effets négatifs du stress, le CBD agit beaucoup sur l’humeur permettant d’être moins irritable, de ne plus ressentir cette impression d’être submergé ou dépassé, de se sentir libéré de certaines tensions, qu’elles soient physiques ou psychologiques et enfin de mieux dormir.

Rappelons que le cannabidiol vendu en France ne contient pas de THC (ou du moins sous le seuil 0,3 % comme le prévoit la législation) et qu’il n’a ni effet psychoactif, ni risque de dépendance quelconque.

Des études se penchent sur la question

Au cœur de nombreuses études scientifiques en cours, le CBD n’a pas encore révélé tous ses secrets. Même si on ne peut pas encore lui accorder des bienfaits définitifs, les recherches jusqu’à présent ont montré une certaine efficacité pour de nombreux consommateurs, ce qui explique en grande partie son succès dans les boutiques physiques comme sur les sites de commerce en ligne.

En 2021, l’étude nommée Radicle ACES (pour Advancing CBD Education and Science) initiée par Radicle Science avait pour but de déterminer les avantages thérapeutiques du CBD auprès de 3 000 participants. Cette étude a mis en lumière des améliorations cliniquement significatives sur 5 pans de la vie quotidienne : la qualité de vie, les douleurs sur le long terme, le bien-être général, l’anxiété ainsi que la qualité du sommeil. Et sur ce dernier point, 61 % des personnes interrogées ont constaté une évolution positive. Et pour la plupart, dès la première semaine d’expérimentation.

Une autre étude, menée cette fois par l’UFR des sciences pharmaceutiques de l’université de Bordeaux, a mis en évidence le potentiel thérapeutique du cannabidiol. On y apprend notamment que la sérotonine fait partie des neurotransmetteurs impliqués dans les états anxieux ainsi que le rythme du sommeil et le stress. Ce n’est pas pour rien si on l’appelle l’hormone du bonheur. La prise du CBD stimule justement la production de sérotonine !

FuturaSciences

16/10/2023

SANTE/MEDECINE - Le CBD et le sommeil - 1/3

Considéré comme une alternative naturelle aux solutions médicamenteuses contre les insomnies et les troubles du sommeil, le CBD poursuit son épopée comme en témoignent les nombreux avis sur Internet. Cette molécule aurait des propriétés bienfaitrices et représenterait une ressource pour les personnes qui souffrent de nuits non réparatrices.

Le potentiel du CBD est reconnu des scientifiques et apprécié des consommateurs. Le CBD peut être consommé sous des formes aussi diverses que variées : en e-liquide pour les cigarettes électroniques, en huile pour les applications cutanées, en gélules pour une prise quotidienne ou encore en fleurs pour l’incorporer dans vos recettes de cuisine favorites. Quelles que soient les méthodes d’assimilation, un spécialiste du CBD en France partage les multiples promesses de cette molécule. Entre autres : c’est un remède efficace contre le stress, l’anxiété et même les états dépressifs ;
on lui prête aussi des vertus antalgiques pour atténuer les douleurs chroniques et les courbatures ;
elle réduit l’inflammation, notamment sur le plan digestif et diminue les troubles gastro-intestinaux;
on lui attribue également des pouvoirs antioxydants qui participent au renforcement du système immunitaire.

FuturaSciences

ASTRONOMY - Eclipse Rings

 2023 October 16

An annular solar eclipse appears in the background with
the dark Moon appearing completely internal to the bright Sun.
In the foreground is a ridge with the silhouettes of two people, 
one standing, and one kneeling. 
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Eclipse Rings
Image Credit & Copyright: Jerry Zhang (left), Baolong Chen (photographer) & Amber Zhang (right)

Explanation: She knew everything but the question. She was well aware that there would be a complete annular eclipse of the Sun visible from their driving destination: Lake Abert in Oregon. She knew that the next ring-of-fire eclipse would occur in the USA only in 16 more years, making this a rare photographic opportunity. She was comfortable with the plan: that she and her boyfriend would appear in front of the eclipse in silhouette, sometimes alone, and sometimes together. She knew that the annular phase of this eclipse would last only a few minutes and she helped in the many hours of planning. She could see their friend who set up the camera about 400 meters away at the bottom of a ridge. What she didn't know was the question she would be asked. But she did know the answer: "yes".

15/10/2023

ASTRONOMY - Circular Sun Halo

 2023 October 14

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download the highest resolution version available.

Circular Sun Halo
Image Credit & Copyright: Vincenzo Mirabella

Explanation: Want to see a ring around the Sun? It's easy to do in daytime skies around the world. Created by randomly oriented ice crystals in thin high cirrus clouds, circular 22 degree halos are visible much more often than rainbows. This one was captured by smart phone photography on May 29, 2021 near Rome, Italy. Carefully blocking the Sun, for example with a finger tip, is usually all that it takes to reveal the common bright halo ring. The halo's characteristic angular radius is about equal to the span of your hand, thumb to little finger, at the end of your outstretched arm. Want to see a ring of fire eclipse? That's harder. The spectacular annular phase of today's (October 14) solar eclipse, known as a ring of fire, is briefly visible only when standing along the Moon's narrow shadow track that passes over limited parts of North, Central, and South America. The solar eclipse is partial though, when seen from broader regions throughout the Americas.

13/10/2023

SANTE/MEDECINE - Moustique mâle ou moustique femelle. Quelle importance ?


Faire la différence entre un moustique mâle et un moustique femelle. Quelle importance ? Un moustique, ça pique. C’est tout ce qu’il y a à savoir sur ces tout petits insectes. Eh bien, justement, non…

Les moustiques sont présents presque partout dans le monde. Sauf en Antarctique. Et… en Islande ! Une question de climat, probablement. Ça reste à expliquer. En attendant, partout où ils vivent, les moustiques piquent. Ils peuvent ainsi, nous le savons, transmettre des maladies parfois graves. Vous pensez peut-être que c’est tout ce qu’il y a d’important à savoir sur les moustiques. Mais ce n’est pas tout à fait vrai. Parce que ce qui est aussi important à savoir, c’est que ce ne sont que les moustiques femelles qui piquent. C’est la grande différence entre mâles et femelles, dans la famille.

Le moustique femelle est celui qui nous pique

Quelques précisions s’imposent ici, tout de même. Les moustiques femelles sont les seules à infliger des piqûres… à des êtres vivants. Aussi bien des humains que d’autres animaux. Parce qu’elles ont besoin, pour nourrir leurs œufs, de protéines qui se trouvent dans le sang. Et comme en été, elles peuvent pondre toutes les deux semaines…

Les moustiques mâles, eux, sont des pollinisateurs. Ils sont donc intéressants pour les écosystèmes. Et ils piquent aussi, finalement, d'une certaines manière. Mais seulement les plantes et les fleurs, pour sucer leur nectar.

Des différences anatomiques entre moustique mâle et moustique femelle

Entre moustique femelle et moustique mâle, il y a aussi des différences anatomiques. Ainsi la pilosité des mâles est-elle plus développée que celle des femelles. Les petits poils sur leurs antennes sont plus nombreux. Sur celles des moustiques-tigres, ils apparaissent même « plumeux ».

Pour repérer leurs proies, détecter leurs odeurs, les moustiques femelles disposent en revanche d’organes sensoriels plus développés que les moustiques mâles.

Les moustiques femelles sont aussi dotés d’une longue trompe en forme de stylet avec laquelle elles piquent les êtres vivants. Elle se décompose en un canal alimentaire par lequel le sang de la victime est aspiré et d’un canal salivaire par lequel la substance irritante qui nous gratte tant est injectée.

C’est aussi uniquement la femelle qui produit le bruit tellement caractéristique du moustique. Si vous l’entendez, donc, mettez-vous aux abris. Mais sachez que ce bruit-là est émis pour séduire le mâle, par des battements d’ailes ultrarapides. Jusqu’à 2 000 par seconde.

Enfin, évidemment, si vous repérez un moustique rougeâtre, soyez assuré qu’il s’agit bien d’une femelle. Puisque cette couleur lui viendra du sang dont elle vient de se gorger.

ASTRONOMY - Hydrogen Clouds of M33

 2023 October 13

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download the highest resolution version available.

Hydrogen Clouds of M33
Image Credit & Copyright: Reinhold Wittich

Explanation: Gorgeous spiral galaxy Messier 33 seems to have more than its fair share of glowing hydrogen gas. A prominent member of the local group of galaxies, M33 is also known as the Triangulum Galaxy and lies a mere 3 million light-years away. The galaxy's central 30,000 light-years or so are shown in this sharp galaxy portrait. The portrait features M33's reddish ionized hydrogen clouds or HII regions. Sprawling along loose spiral arms that wind toward the core, M33's giant HII regions are some of the largest known stellar nurseries, sites of the formation of short-lived but very massive stars. Intense ultraviolet radiation from the luminous, massive stars ionizes the surrounding hydrogen gas and ultimately produces the characteristic red glow. In this image, broadband data were combined with narrowband data recorded through a hydrogen-alpha filter. That filter transmits the light of the strongest visible hydrogen emission line.

11/10/2023

SANTE/MEDECINE - Piqûre de moustique

 

Les réactions du corps face à une piqûre

Si les moustiques mâles se nourrissent de nectar et d’eau, ce sont des moustiques femelles dont il faut se méfier car elles en ont après votre sang ! Lorsque celles-ci nous piquent, elles prennent une petite quantité de notre sang en injectant en même temps une faible quantité de leur salive.

Cette salive, composée de molécules qui empêchent la coagulation du sang, libère de l’histamine, une substance qui déclenche la réaction inflammatoire que l’on connaît sous la forme du bouton de moustique.


Mais pourquoi les moustiques piquent-ils ?

Les moustiques piquent avec leur trompe pour se nourrir des protéines et des sucres présents dans notre sang, mais surtout pour se reproduire : en nous prenant du sang, les femelles fécondées nourrissent ainsi leurs œufs.

Qu’est-ce qui attire les moustiques ?

Vous êtes-vous déjà retrouvé dans une pièce où une personne de votre groupe était particulièrement piquée contrairement à une autre ? C’est parce qu’il existe des prédispositions qui font que certains d’entre nous intéressent plus les moustiques que les autres !

Les hommes
Les personnes en surpoids
Les personnes qui boivent de l’alcool
Les personnes ayant un groupe sanguin O (deux fois plus que les personnes du groupe sanguin A)
Les personnes ayant une température corporelle élevée
Les personnes qui émettent beaucoup d’acide urique, d’acide lactique et d’ammoniac (des substances qui sont liées à la génétique et à d’autres critères comme la température de votre corps, si vous faites de l’exercice, etc.)

Les piqûres dépendent ainsi à grande majorité de la générique et de notre métabolisme, des critères qui sont, pour la plupart, difficilement de notre ressort.
Que faire en cas de piqûre de moustique ?

Vous avez été piqué par un moustique ? Qu’est-ce qui soulage vraiment les piqûres ? Quelques astuces sont possibles pour apaiser les démangeaisons et réduire l’inflammation du bouton. 

Vous pouvez appliquer… Un pack de glace si vous n’avez pas de trousses à pharmacie.
Des antihistaminiques, qui agissent sur l’histamine, la molécule à l’origine de l’inflammation. Ils sont disponibles sans ordonnance sous forme de crèmes ou de comprimés.
Les corticoïdes disponibles sans ordonnance en crèmes, gouttes, etc. L’hydrocortisone est l’un des corticoïdes utiles en cas de piqûre de moustique car elle allie dermocorticoïdes, antihistaminique et anesthésique local.
Des huiles essentielles (menthe poivrée, lavande, eucalyptus…) à appliquer sur le bouton.

Aesio

ASTRONOMY - NGC 1097: Spiral Galaxy with Supernova

 2023 October 11

A nearby spiral galaxy is shown in great details: NGC 1097.
However the galaxy is imaged twice, once with a supernova spot
appearing on a lower spiral arm, and once without. The two frames
blink back and forth.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

NGC 1097: Spiral Galaxy with Supernova
Image Data: Telescope Live (Chile); Image Processing & Copyright: Bernard Miller

Explanation: What's happening in the lower arm of this spiral galaxy? A supernova. Last month, supernova SN 2023rve was discovered with UAE's Al-Khatim Observatory and later found to be consistent with the death explosion of a massive star, possibly leaving behind a black hole. Spiral galaxy NGC 1097 is a relatively close 45 million light years away and visible with a small telescope toward the southern constellation of the Furnace (Fornax). The galaxy is notable not only for its picturesque spiral arms, but also for faint jets consistent with ancient star streams left over from a galactic collision -- possibly with the small galaxy seen between its arms on the lower left. The featured image highlights the new supernova by blinking between two exposures taken several months apart. Finding supernovas in nearby galaxies can be important in determining the scale and expansion rate of our entire universe -- a topic currently of unexpected tension and much debate.

10/10/2023

ASTRONOMY - Hidden Orion from Webb

 2023 October 10

The center of the Orion Nebula is seen in infrared light
as imaged by the James Webb Space Telescope. In the center is
the Trapezium Star Cluster. The main image is in near infrared
light, while the rollover image is in mid-infrared light.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Hidden Orion from Webb
Image Credit & LicenseNASAESACSAJWST; Processing: M. McCaughrean & S. Pearson

Explanation: The Great Nebula in Orion has hidden stars. To the unaided eye in visible light, it appears as a small fuzzy patch in the constellation of Orion. But this image was taken by the Webb Space Telescope in a representative-color composite of red and very near infrared light. It confirms with impressive detail that the Orion Nebula is a busy neighborhood of young stars, hot gas, and dark dust. The rollover image shows the same image in representative colors further into the near infrared. The power behind much of the Orion Nebula (M42) is the Trapezium - a cluster of bright stars near the nebula's center. The diffuse and filamentary glow surrounding the bright stars is mostly heated interstellar dust. Detailed inspection of these images shows an unexpectedly large number of Jupiter-Mass Binary Objects (JuMBOs), pairs of Jupiter-mass objects which might give a clue to how stars are forming. The whole Orion Nebula cloud complex, which includes the Horsehead Nebula, will slowly disperse over the next few million years.

09/10/2023

ASTRONOMY - A Distorted Sunrise Eclipse

 2023 October 9


A partially eclipse of a Sun rising over water is shown. 
A ship appears on the right. The Sun appears reddened by the
Intervening Earth’s atmosphere. An inversion layer in the
atmosphere makes part of the Sun appeared doubled near the 
horizon. 
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

A Distorted Sunrise Eclipse
Image Credit & Copyright: Elias Chasiotis

Explanation: Yes, but have you ever seen a sunrise like this? Here, after initial cloudiness, the Sun appeared to rise in two pieces and during a partial eclipse in 2019, causing the photographer to describe it as the most stunning sunrise of his life. The dark circle near the top of the atmospherically-reddened Sun is the Moon -- but so is the dark peak just below it. This is because along the way, the Earth's atmosphere had a layer of unusually warm air over the sea which acted like a gigantic lens and created a second image. For a normal sunrise or sunset, this rare phenomenon of atmospheric optics is known as the Etruscan vase effect. The featured picture was captured in December 2019 from Al WakrahQatar. Some observers in a narrow band of Earth to the east were able to see a full annular solar eclipse -- where the Moon appears completely surrounded by the background Sun in a ring of fire. The next solar eclipse, also an annular eclipse for well-placed observers, will occur this coming Saturday.

08/10/2023

ASTRONOMY - Plane, Clouds, Moon, Spots, Sun

 2023 October 8

A partially eclipse Sun is shown. In front of the Sun 
are sunspots, the Moon, clouds, and an airplane.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Plane, Clouds, Moon, Spots, Sun
Image Credit & Copyright: Doyle and Shannon Slifer

Explanation: What's that in front of the Sun? The closest object is an airplane, visible just below the Sun's center and caught purely by chance. Next out are numerous clouds in Earth's atmosphere, creating a series of darkened horizontal streaks. Farther out is Earth's Moon, seen as the large dark circular bite on the upper right. Just above the airplane and just below the Sun's surface are sunspots. The main sunspot group captured here, AR 2192, was in 2014 one of the largest ever recorded and had been crackling and bursting with flares since it came around the edge of the Sun a week before. This show of solar silhouettes was unfortunately short-lived. Within a few seconds the plane flew away. Within a few minutes the clouds drifted off. Within a few hours the partial solar eclipse of the Sun by the Moon was over. Fortunately, when it comes to the Sun, even unexpected alignments are surprisingly frequent. Perhaps one will be imaged this Saturday when a new partial solar eclipse will be visible from much of North and South America.

07/10/2023

ASTRONOMY - The Once and Future Stars of Andromeda

 2023 October 7

The featured image shows M31, the Andromeda Galaxy, in both infrared light, colored orange, and visible light, colored white and blue.  Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

The Once and Future Stars of Andromeda
Image Credit: NASANSFNOAJHubbleSubaruMayallDSSSpitzerProcessing & Copyright: Robert Gendler & Russell Croman

Explanation: This picture of Andromeda shows not only where stars are now, but where stars will be. The big, beautiful Andromeda Galaxy, M31, is a spiral galaxy a mere 2.5 million light-years away. Image data from space-based and ground-based observatories have been combined here to produce this intriguing composite view of Andromeda at wavelengths both inside and outside normally visible light. The visible light shows where M31's stars are now, highlighted in white and blue hues and imaged by the HubbleSubaru, and Mayall telescopes. The infrared light shows where M31's future stars will soon form, highlighted in orange hues and imaged by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope. The infrared light tracks enormous lanes of dust, warmed by stars, sweeping along Andromeda's spiral arms. This dust is a tracer of the galaxy's vast interstellar gas, raw material for future star formation. Of course, the new stars will likely form over the next hundred million years or so. That's well before Andromeda merges with our Milky Way Galaxy in about 5 billion years.

06/10/2023

ASTRONOMY - Ring of Fire over Monument Valley

 2023 October 05

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download the highest resolution version available.

Ring of Fire over Monument Valley
Image Credit & Copyright: Tunc Tezel (TWAN)

Explanation: Tracking along a narrow path, the shadow of a new moon will race across North, Central, and South America, on October 14. When viewed from the shadow path the apparent size of the lunar disk will not quite completely cover the Sun though. Instead, the moon in silhouette will appear during the minutes of totality surrounded by a fiery ring, an annular solar eclipse more dramatically known as a ring of fire eclipse. This striking time lapse sequence from May of 2012 illustrates the stages of a ring of fire eclipse. From before eclipse start until sunset, they are seen over the iconic buttes of planet Earth's Monument Valley. Remarkably, the October 14 ring of fire eclipse will also be visible over Monument Valley, beginning after sunrise in the eastern sky.

ASTRONOMY - Edwin Hubble Discovers the Universe

 2023 October 6

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download the highest resolution version available.

Edwin Hubble Discovers the Universe
Image Credit & Copyright: Courtesy Carnegie Institution for Science

Explanation: How big is our universe? This question, among others, was debated by two leading astronomers in 1920 in what has since become known as astronomy's Great Debate. Many astronomers then believed that our Milky Way Galaxy was the entire universe. Many others, though, believed that our galaxy was just one of many. In the Great Debate, each argument was detailed, but no consensus was reached. The answer came over three years later with the detected variation of single spot in the Andromeda Nebula, as shown on the original glass discovery plate digitally reproduced here. When Edwin Hubble compared images, he noticed that this spot varied, and on October 6, 1923 wrote "VAR!" on the plate. The best explanation, Hubble knew, was that this spot was the image of a variable star that was very far away. So M31 was really the Andromeda Galaxy -- a galaxy possibly similar to our own. Annotated 100 years ago, the featured image may not be pretty, but the variable spot on it opened a window through which humanity gazed knowingly, for the first time, into a surprisingly vast cosmos.

04/10/2023

ASTRONOMY - IC 2118: The Witch Head Nebula

 2023 October 4

A colorful star field surrounds a big blue reflection nebula.
The nebula is elongated across the wide frame and said to 
resemble the head of folklore-based witch.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

IC 2118: The Witch Head Nebula
Image Credit & Copyright: Abdullah Alharbi

Explanation: Does this nebula look like the head of a witch? The nebula is known popularly as the Witch Head Nebula because, it is said, the nebula's shape resembles a Halloween-style caricature of a witch's head. Exactly how, though, can be a topic of imaginative speculation. What is clear is that IC 2118 is about 50 light-years across and made of gas and dust that points to -- because it has been partly eroded by -- the nearby star Rigel. One of the brighter stars in the constellation Orion, Rigel lies below the bottom of the featured image. The blue color of the Witch Head Nebula and is caused not only by Rigel's intense blue starlight but because the dust grains scatter blue light more efficiently than red. The same physical process causes Earth's daytime sky to appear blue, although the scatterers in planet Earth's atmosphere are molecules of nitrogen and oxygen.

03/10/2023

ASTRONOMY - MyCn 18: The Engraved Hourglass Planetary Nebula

 2023 October 3


A vertical planetary nebula is shown in orange around the 
outside but with a blue glow in the center. The outside is 
shaped like a tilted hourglass, while the inside appears similar
to an eye.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

MyCn 18: The Engraved Hourglass Planetary Nebula
Image Credit & Copyright: NASAESAHubbleHLA; Processing & Copyright: Harshwardhan Pathak

Explanation: Do you see the hourglass shape -- or does it see you? If you can picture it, the rings of MyCn 18 trace the outline of an hourglass -- although one with an unusual eye in its center. Either way, the sands of time are running out for the central star of this hourglass-shaped planetary nebula. With its nuclear fuel exhausted, this brief, spectacular, closing phase of a Sun-like star's life occurs as its outer layers are ejected - its core becoming a cooling, fading white dwarf. In 1995, astronomers used the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to make a series of images of planetary nebulae, including the one featured here. Pictured, delicate rings of colorful glowing gas (nitrogen-red, hydrogen-green, and oxygen-blue) outline the tenuous walls of the hourglass. The unprecedented sharpness of the Hubble images has revealed surprising details of the nebula ejection process that are helping to resolve the outstanding mysteries of the complex shapes and symmetries of planetary nebulas like MyCn 18.

02/10/2023

ASTRONOMY - Sprite Lightning in High Definition

 2023 October 2


A normal starry sky is punctuated by by several very unusually
shaped red objects, known as sprites. These sprites are shown in
very high details including several very well defined

Sprite Lightning in High Definition
Image Credit & Copyright: Nicolas Escurat

Explanation: Sometimes lightning occurs out near space. One such lightning type is red sprite lightning, which has only been photographed and studied on Earth over the past 25 years. The origins of all types of lightning remain topics for research, and scientists are still trying to figure out why red sprite lightning occurs at all. Research has shown that following a powerful positive cloud-to-ground lightning strike, red sprites may start as 100-meter balls of ionized air that shoot down from about 80-km high at 10 percent the speed of light. They are quickly followed by a group of upward streaking ionized balls. Featured here is an extraordinarily high-resolution image of a group of red sprites. This image is a single frame lasting only 1/25th of a second from a video taken above Castelnaud Castle in DordogneFrance, about three weeks ago. The sprites quickly vanished -- no sprites were visible even on the very next video frame.

01/10/2023

ASTRONOMY - A Desert Eclipse

 2023 October 1


An empty desert is shown with rolling tan sand dunes and 
a tan glow to the air above. A lone tree grows in the image center.
High above, the Sun glows - but the center of the Sun is blackened
out by an unusual disk. 
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

A Desert Eclipse
Image Credit & Copyright: Maxime Daviron

Explanation: A good place to see a ring-of-fire eclipse, it seemed, would be from a desert. In a desert, there should be relatively few obscuring clouds and trees. Therefore late December of 2019, a group of photographers traveled to the United Arab Emirates and Rub al-Khali, the largest continuous sand desert in world, to capture clear images of an unusual eclipse that would be passing over. A ring-of-fire eclipse is an annular eclipse that occurs when the Moon is far enough away on its elliptical orbit around the Earth so that it appears too small, angularly, to cover the entire Sun. At the maximum of an annular eclipse, the edges of the Sun can be seen all around the edges of the Moon, so that the Moon appears to be a dark spot that covers most -- but not all -- of the Sun. This particular eclipse, they knew, would peak soon after sunrise. After seeking out such a dry and barren place, it turned out that some of the most interesting eclipse images actually included a tree in the foreground, because, in addition to the sand dunes, the tree gave the surreal background a contrasting sense of normalcy, scale, and texture. On Saturday, October 14, a new ring of fire will be visible through clear skies from a thin swath crossing both North and South America.

SANTé/MEDECINE - Virus et bactéries mortels - Le virus de la rage

Grâce aux travaux de Louis Pasteur , la rage a très nettement reculé dans le monde. On dénombre tout de même plus de 50.000 morts humains s...