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30/12/2023

ASTRONOMY - The Last Full Moon

 2023 December 30

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

The Last Full Moon
Image Credit & Copyright: Giacomo Venturin

Explanation: Known to some in the northern hemisphere as December's Cold Moon or the Long Night Moon, the last full moon of 2023 is rising in this surreal mountain and skyscape. The Daliesque scene was captured in a single exposure with a camera and long telephoto lens near Monte Grappa, Italy. The full moon is not melting, though. Its stretched and distorted appearance near the horizon is caused as refraction along the line of sight changes and creates shifting images or mirages of the bright lunar disk. The changes in atmospheric refraction correspond to atmospheric layers with sharply different temperatures and densities. Other effects of atmospheric refraction produced by the long sight-line to this full moon rising include the thin red rim seen faintly on the distorted lower edge of the Moon and a thin green rim along the top.

29/12/2023

MUSIC - Friar Alessandro - Adeste fideles

"Adeste fideles"

ASTRONOMY - The Same Color Illusion

 2023 December 18

A checkerboard is shown with squares colored light and dark grey.
A green tube sits on the board and casts a shadow. The image has a 
letter A typed on a dark square, and a letter B types on a light square
cast in shadow. The question is asked if the two squares, A and B, are 
really the same color.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

The Same Color Illusion
Image Credit: Edward H. AdelsonWikipedia

Explanation: Are squares A and B the same color? They are! To verify this, either run your cursor over the image or click here to see them connected. The featured illusion, an example of the same color illusion, illustrates that purely human perceptions in science may be ambiguous or inaccurate, even such a seemingly direct perception as relative color. Similar illusions exist on the sky, such as the size of the Moon near the horizon, or the apparent shapes of astronomical objects. The advent of automated, reproducible measuring devices such as CCDs have made science in general and astronomy in particular less prone to, but not free of, human-biased illusions.

BIOMIMETISME - Innovations inspirées par la Nature - Le bombyx du mûrier


Le bombyx du mûrier est un papillon de nuit originaire de Chine dont la larve est utilisée depuis des millénaires pour confectionner la soie. En 2016, les antennes du papillon ont donné une drôle d'idée aux scientifiques du CNRS : copier leur structure pour élaborer un détecteur d'explosif. Quand on regarde de plus près les antennes du bombyx du mûrier, on aperçoit des centaines de petits cils. Inspirés, les scientifiques ont alors mis au point un micro-levier en silicium sur lequel sont mis bout à bout 500 000 nanotubes de dioxyde de titane. Cette construction est capable de détecter des quantités infimes de TNT, mais aussi certaines drogues et substances toxiques.

Pour rappel, le bombyx du mûrier n'existe pas à l'état sauvage, c'est un papillon domestique obtenu au fil des sélections pour produire de la soie.

© Zivya, Wikimedia Commons, CC by-sa 3.0
FuturaSciences

28/12/2023

ASTRONOMY - Jupiter and the Geminid

 2023 December 28

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

Jupiter and the Geminid
Image Credit & Copyright: Gaurav Singh

Explanation: For a brief moment, this brilliant fireball meteor outshone Jupiter in planet Earth's night. The serendipitous image was captured while hunting meteors under cold Canadian skies with a camera in timelapse mode on December 14, near the peak of the Geminid meteor shower. The Geminid meteor shower, asteroid 3200 Phaethon's annual gift, always arrives in December. Dust shed along the orbit of the mysterious asteroid causes the meteor streaks, as the vaporizing grains plow through our fair planet's upper atmosphere at 22 kilometers per second. Of course Geminid shower meteors appear to radiate from a point in the constellation of the Twins. That's below and left of this frame. With bright Jupiter on the right, also in the December night skyview are the Pleiades and Hyades star clusters.

27/12/2023

BIOMIMETISME - Innovations inspirées par la Nature - Ecrans inspirés des ailes transparentes d'un petit papillon

Le papillon Greta oto, que l'on retrouve en Amérique du Sud, est une merveille de la nature. Ses ailes sont transparentes, c'est-à-dire qu'elles ne reflètent pas la lumière plus précisément. Un moyen efficace d'échapper aux prédateurs. La partie transparente des ailes du Greta oto est en réalité composée de nanostructures en forme de colonne dont la taille varie entre 400 et 600 nm de haut. Grâce à cela, seulement 2 à 5 % de la lumière incidente qui frappe les ailes est réfléchie, les faisant apparaître transparentes.

Cette capacité a évidement éveillé la curiosité des ingénieurs, qui ont vu dans ces ailes une inspiration pour créer des surfaces antireflets, comme des écrans ou un traitement spécifique pour les lunettes.

© O. Schneider, Wikimedia Commons, CC by-sa 3.0

ASTRONOMY - Rainbow Aurora over Icelandic Waterfall

2023 December 27
A waterfall is shown in the image center below a starry
sky. Arching above the waterfall is a colorful aurora. Arching
above the aurora is the central band of the Milky Way. 
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Rainbow Aurora over Icelandic Waterfall
Image Credit & Copyright: Stefano Pellegrini

Explanation: Yes, but can your aurora do this? First, yes, auroras can look like rainbows even though they are completely different phenomena. Auroras are caused by Sun-created particles being channeled into Earth's atmosphere by Earth's magnetic field, and create colors by exciting atoms at different heights. Conversely, rainbows are created by sunlight backscattering off falling raindrops, and different colors are refracted by slightly different angles. Unfortunately, auroras can’t create waterfalls, but if you plan well and are lucky enough, you can photograph them together. The featured picture is composed of several images taken on the same night last month near the Skógafoss waterfall in Iceland. The planning centered on capturing the central band of our Milky Way galaxy over the picturesque cascade. By luck, a spectacular aurora soon appeared just below the curving arch of the Milky Way. Far in the background, the Pleiades star cluster and the Andromeda galaxy can be found. 

26/12/2023

ASTRONOMY - IC 443: The Jellyfish Nebula

 2023 December 26

A complex nebula is shown in front of a dense starfield.
The nebula appears orange. A bright star is seen just to the 
right of the nebula. 
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

IC 443: The Jellyfish Nebula
Image Credit & Copyright: David Payne

Explanation: Why is this jellyfish swimming in a sea of stars? Drifting near bright star Eta Geminorum, seen at the right, the Jellyfish Nebula extends its tentacles from the bright arcing ridge of emission left of center. In fact, the cosmic jellyfish is part of bubble-shaped supernova remnant IC 443, the expanding debris cloud from a massive star that exploded. Light from the explosion first reached planet Earth over 30,000 years ago. Like its cousin in astronomical waters, the Crab Nebula supernova remnant IC 443 is known to harbor a neutron star -- the remnant of the collapsed stellar core. The Jellyfish Nebula is about 5,000 light-years away. At that distance, the featured image would span about 140 light-years across.

25/12/2023

BIOMIMETISME - Innovations inspirées par la Nature - Les feuilles autonettoyantes du lotus


Le lotus (Nelumbo spp) est une plante aquatique. Pourtant l'eau, ce n'est pas vraiment son truc, surtout sur ses feuilles. En effet, ces dernières sont superhydrophobes, c'est-à-dire que leur surface repousse l'eau, elle glisse littéralement sur les feuilles. Les propriétés superhydrophobes des feuilles de lotus sont dues à une rugosité nanométrique, des petites pointes de l'ordre du nanomètre. Lorsqu'une goutte d'eau tombe sur les petites pointes, elle n'y adhère pas et emporte avec elle les impuretés présentes sur la plante.

Cette propriété physique intéresse bon nombre de domaines et cela depuis sa découverte dans les années 70. Des tissus déperlants, des parois de douche autonettoyantes ou encore des revêtements utilisés en aéronautique sont basés sur la rugosité nanométrique.

© William Thielicke, Wikimedia Commons, CC by-sa 4.0 International, 3.0 Unported, 2.5 Generic, 2.0 Generic and 1.0 Generic license
FuturaSciences

ASTRONOMY - Cathedral - Mountain - Moon

 2023 December 25

A tree-lined hill is shown topped by a majestic
cathedral. Directly behind the cathedral is 
of a triangular-shaped mountain top. Directly behind
the mountain is a crescent moon, although the exposure
is long enough to see the rest of lunar circle. 
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Cathedral, Mountain, Moon
Image Credit & Copyright: Valerio Minato

Explanation: Single shots like this require planning. The first step is to realize that such an amazing triple-alignment actually takes place. The second step is to find the best location to photograph it. But it was the third step: being there at exactly the right time -- and when the sky was clear -- that was the hardest. Five times over six years the photographer tried and found bad weather. Finally, just ten days ago, the weather was perfect, and a photographic dream was realized. Taken in PiemonteItaly, the cathedral in the foreground is the Basilica of Superga, the mountain in the middle is Monviso, and, well, you know which moon is in the background. Here, even though the setting Moon was captured in a crescent phase, the exposure was long enough for doubly reflected Earthlight, called the da Vinci glow, to illuminate the entire top of the Moon.

BIOMES - La Corse

La Corse, au cœur de l’environnement méditerranéen FuturaSciences