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28/02/2025
SANTé/MEDECINE - Pourquoi le râle agonique se produit-il ?
ASTRONOMY - Athena to the Moon
2025 February 28
Image Credit: Intuitive Machines
Explanation: Planet Earth hangs in the background of this space age selfie. The snapshot was captured by the IM-2 Nova-C lander Athena, just after stage separation following its February 26 launch to the Moon. A tall robotic lander, Athena is scheduled to touch down on Thursday, March 6, in Mons Mouton, a plateau near the Moon’s South Pole. The intended landing site is in the central portion of one of the Artemis 3 potential landing regions. Athena carries rovers and experiments as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services program, including a drill intended to explore beneath the lunar surface in a search for evidence of frozen water. It also carries a propulsive drone dubbed the Micro Nova Hopper. After release to the lunar surface, the autonomous drone is intended to hop into a nearby crater and send science data back to the lander.
27/02/2025
ORNITHOLOGIE - Organiste à calotte jaune : un passereau très discret
ASTRONOMY - Open Star Clusters M35 and NGC 2158
2025 February 27
Image Credit & Copyright: Evan Tsai, LATTE: Lulin-ASIAA Telescope
Explanation: Framed in this single, starry, telescopic field of view are two open star clusters, M35 and NGC 2158. Located within the boundaries of the constellation Gemini, they do appear to be side by side. Its stars concentrated toward the upper right, M35 is relatively nearby, though. M35 (also cataloged as NGC 2168) is a mere 2800 light-years distant, with 400 or so stars spread out over a volume about 30 light-years across. Bright blue stars frequently distinguish younger open clusters like M35, whose age is estimated at 150 million years. At lower left, NGC 2158 is about four times more distant than M35 and much more compact, shining with the more yellowish light of a population of stars over 10 times older. In general, open star clusters are found along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy. Loosely gravitationally bound, their member stars tend to be dispersed over billions of years as the open star clusters orbit the galactic center.
26/02/2025
ARCHEOLOGIE - Le trésor de Toutânkhamon - Horus le faucon - le dieu solaire
ASGRONOMY - Einstein Ring Surrounds Nearby Galaxy Center
2025 February 26
Image Credit & Copyright: ESA, NASA, Euclid Consortium; Processing: J.-C. Cuillandre, G. Anselmi, T. Li
Explanation: Do you see the ring? If you look very closely at the center of the featured galaxy NGC 6505, a ring becomes evident. It is the gravity of NGC 6505, the nearby (z = 0.042) elliptical galaxy that you can easily see, that is magnifying and distorting the image of a distant galaxy into a complete circle. To create a complete Einstein ring there must be perfect alignment of the nearby galaxy's center and part of the background galaxy. Analysis of this ring and the multiple images of the background galaxy help to determine the mass and fraction of dark matter in NGC 6505's center, as well as uncover previously unseen details in the distorted galaxy. The featured image was captured by ESA's Earth-orbiting Euclid telescope in 2023 and released earlier this month.
25/02/2025
SANTé/MEDECINE - Le râle agonique - À quoi ressemble-t-il ?
ASTRONOMY - M41: The Little Beehive Star Cluster
Image Credit & Copyright: Xinran Li
Explanation: Why are there so many bright blue stars? Stars are usually born in clusters, and the brightest and most massive of these stars typically glow blue. Less-bright, non-blue stars like our Sun surely also exist in this M41 star cluster but are harder to see. A few bright orange-appearing red giant stars are visible. The red-light filaments are emitted by diffuse hydrogen gas, a color that was specifically filtered and enhanced in this image. In a hundred million years or so, the bright blue stars will have exploded in supernovas and disappeared, while the slightly different trajectories of the fainter stars will cause this picturesque open cluster to disperse. Similarly, billions of years ago, our own Sun was likely born into a star cluster like M41, but it has long since drifted apart from its sister stars. The featured image was captured over four hours with Chilescope T2 in Chile.
24/02/2025
ASTRONOMY - Light Pillar over Erupting Etna
2025 February 24
Image Credit & Copyright: Davide Caliò
Explanation: Can a lava flow extend into the sky? No, but light from the lava flow can. One effect is something quite unusual -- a volcanic light pillar. More typically, light pillars are caused by sunlight and so appear as a bright column that extends upward above a rising or setting Sun. Alternatively, other light pillars -- some quite colorful -- have been recorded above street and house lights. This light pillar, though, was illuminated by the red light emitted by the glowing magma of an erupting volcano. The volcano is Italy's Mount Etna, and the featured image was captured with a single shot during an early morning in mid-February. Freezing temperatures above the volcano's lava flow created ice-crystals either in the air above the volcano or in condensed water vapor expelled by Mount Etna. These ice crystals -- mostly flat toward the ground but fluttering -- then reflected away light from the volcano's caldera.
22/02/2025
ARCHEOLOGIE - Toutânkhamon - Le trésor de Anubis - le dieu funéraire
ASTRONOMY - Rima Hyginus
2025 February 22
Image Credit & Copyright: Vincenzo Mirabella
Explanation: Rima Hyginus is a spectacular fissure, some 220 kilometers long, found near the center of the lunar near side. Easy to spot in telescopic views of the Moon, it stretches top left to bottom right across this lunar closeup. The image was made with exaggerated colors that reflect the mineral composition of the lunar soil. Hyginus crater lies near the center of the narrow lunar surface groove. About 10 kilometers in diameter, the low-walled crater is a volcanic caldera, one of the larger non-impact craters on the lunar surface. Dotted with small pits formed by surface collapse, Hyginus rima itself was likely created by stresses due to internal magma upwelling and collapse along a long surface fault. The intriguing region was a candidate landing site for the canceled Apollo 19 mission.
21/02/2025
ORNITHOLOGIE - Guit-guit : sucrier à pattes rouges
SANTé/MEDECINE - Le râle agonique - Un son troublant mais naturel
ASTRONOMY - Hubble's Andromeda Galaxy Mosaic
2025 February 21
Image Credit: NASA, ESA, Hubble Mission,
B. F. Williams (Univ Washington), Z. Chen (Univ Washington), L. C. Johnson (Northwestern),
Processing; Joseph DePasquale (STScI)
Explanation: The largest photomosaic ever assembled from Hubble Space Telescope image data is a panoramic view of our neighboring spiral Andromeda Galaxy. With 600 overlapping frames assembled from observations made from July 2010 to December 2022, the full Hubble Andromeda Galaxy mosaic spans almost six full moons across planet Earth's sky. A cropped version shown above is nearly two full moons across and partially covers Andromeda's core and inner spiral arms. Also known as M31, the Andromeda Galaxy is 2.5 million light-years away. That makes it the closest large spiral galaxy to our own Milky Way. Our perspective on the spiral Milky Way is anchored to the view from the location of the Sun, a star found within the Milky Way's galactic disk. But Hubble's magnificent Andromeda mosaic offers an expansive view of a large spiral galaxy from the outside looking in. Hubble's comprehensive, detailed data set extending across the Andromeda Galaxy will allow astronomers to make an unprecedented holistic exploration of the mysteries of spiral galaxy structure and evolution.
20/02/2025
SANTé/MEDECINE - Fin de vie - Le râle agonique
ASTRONOMY - Messier 87
2025 February 20
Image Credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team
Explanation: Enormous elliptical galaxy Messier 87 is about 50 million light-years away. Also known as NGC 4486, the giant galaxy holds trillions of stars compared to the mere billions of stars in our large spiral Milky Way. M87 reigns as the large central elliptical galaxy in the Virgo galaxy cluster. An energetic jet from the giant galaxy's core is seen to stretch outward for about 5,000 light-years in this sharp optical and near-infrared view from the Hubble Space Telescope. In fact, the cosmic blow torch is seen across the electromagnetic spectrum from gamma-rays to radio wavelengths. Its ultimate power source is M87's central, supermassive black hole. An image of this monster in the middle of M87 has been captured by planet Earth's Event Horizon Telescope.
19/02/2025
ARCHEOLOGIE - Le trésor de Toutânkhamon - La mystérieuse barque d’albâtre
ASTRONOMY - HH 30: A Star System with Planets Now Forming
2025 February 19
Image Credit: James Webb Space Telescope, ESA, NASA & CSA, R. Tazaki et al.
Explanation: How do stars and planets form? New clues have been found in the protoplanetary system Herbig-Haro 30 by the James Webb Space Telescope in concert with Hubble and the Earth-bound ALMA. The observations show, among other things, that large dust grains are more concentrated into a central disk where they can form planets. The featured image from Webb shows many attributes of the active HH-30 system. Jets of particles are being expelled vertically, shown in red, while a dark dust-rich disk is seen across the center, blocking the light from the star or stars still forming there. Blue-reflecting dust is seen in a parabolic arc above and below the central disk, although why a tail appears on the lower left is currently unknown. Studying how planets form in HH 30 can help astronomers better understand how planets in our own Solar System once formed, including our Earth.
18/02/2025
ORNITHOLOGIE - Toucan à carène : une apparence flamboyante
ASTRONOMY - Thor's Helmet versus the Seagull
2025 February 18
Image Credit & Copyright: Nicolas Martino, Adrien Soto, Louis Leroux & Yann Sainty
Explanation: Seen as a seagull and a duck, these nebulae are not the only cosmic clouds to evoke images of flight. But both are winging their way across this broad celestial landscape, spanning almost 7 degrees across planet Earth's night sky toward the constellation of the Big Dog (Canis Major). The expansive Seagull (top center) is itself composed of two major cataloged emission nebulas. Brighter NGC 2327 forms the head with the more diffuse IC 2177 as the wings and body. Impressively, the Seagull's wingspan would correspond to about 250 light-years at the nebula's estimated distance of 3,800 light-years. At the lower right, the Duck appears much more compact and would span only about 50 light-years given its 15,000 light-year distance estimate. Blown by energetic winds from an extremely massive, hot star near its center, the Duck nebula is cataloged as NGC 2359. Of course, the Duck's thick body and winged appendages also lend it the slightly more dramatic popular moniker, Thor's Helmet.
17/02/2025
SANTé/MEDECINE - Le cerveau - Épines dendritiques d'un neurone
ASTRONOMY - SpaceX Rocket Launch Plume over California
2025 February 17
Image Credit & Copyright: Martin LaMontagne
Explanation: What's happened to the sky? Last Monday, the photogenic launch plume from a SpaceX rocket launch created quite a spectacle over parts of southern California and Arizona. Looking at times like a giant space fish, the impressive rocket launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base near Lompoc, California, was so bright because it was backlit by the setting Sun. The Falcon 9 rocket successfully delivered to low Earth orbit 23 Starlink communications satellites. The plume from the first stage is seen on the right, while the soaring upper stage rocket is seen at the apex of the plume toward the left. Venus appears at the top of the frame, while a bright streetlight shines on the far right. The featured image was captured toward the west after sunset from near Phoenix, Arizona.
16/02/2025
ASTRONOMIE - Observer Vénus, la brillante étoile du Berger
L’éclat important de Vénus ressort sur cette photo prise à la plage de la Verne à La Seyne sur Mer : une accumulation de plusieurs poses fait apparaître les étoiles peu brillantes tandis que la lumière de Vénus se diffuse en halo et en reflet sur la mer. Image : F. Xavier Cuvelier – Concours photo Stelvision
Vous connaissez certainement l’étoile du Berger : il s’agit de la planète Vénus ! Étincelante certains soirs à l’ouest ou certains matins à l’est, elle fascine et subjugue…
Vénus : l’astre le plus brillant après la Lune et le Soleil !
Le Soleil éclaire la planète Vénus vivement car elle en est assez proche. Comme des nuages clairs la recouvrent entièrement, elle nous renvoie une bonne partie de la lumière qu’elle reçoit, ce qui explique son éclat singulier.
Pour les familiers de l’échelle des magnitudes, qui caractérise l’éclat des astres, Vénus descend fréquemment en dessous de la magnitude -4. Une luminosité qui surpasse nettement Sirius, l’étoile la plus brillante du ciel, dont la magnitude est de -1,5 (les nombres petits ou négatifs indiquent un fort éclat).
Pourquoi appelle-t-on Vénus l’étoile du Berger ?
Vénus brille si intensément que lorsqu’elle est visible, c’est la première « étoile » à apparaître dans le ciel après le coucher du Soleil ou au contraire la dernière à disparaître à l’aube. On peut donc supposer que les bergers ont toujours été très familiers de cet astre particulier qui marque le début ou la fin de la journée avec leur troupeau.
À l’œil nu, son aspect est celui d’une étoile même s’il s’agit bien d’une planète : contrairement aux étoiles qui émettent leur propre lumière, Vénus réfléchit celle du Soleil.
15/02/2025
ASTRONOMY - Parhelia at Abisko
2025 February 15
Image Credit & Copyright: Felipe Menzella
Explanation: Three suns seem to hug the horizon in this otherworldly winterscape. But the evocative scene was captured during a February 3rd snowmobile exploration of the mountainous region around Abisko National Park, northern Sweden, planet Earth. The two bright spots on either side of Earth's Sun are parhelia (singular parhelion), also known as mock suns or sun dogs. The parhelia are caused by hexagonal ice crystals suspended in the hazy atmosphere that reflect and refract sunlight. Commonly seen in winter and at high latitudes, the bright parhelia lie along the visible 22 degree ice halo of the Sun.
14/02/2025
SANTé/MEDECINE - Le cerveau - Les cellules de Purkinje - des neurones du cervelet
ASTRONOMY - A Cosmic Rose: NGC 2237 in Monoceros
2025 February 14
Image Credit & Copyright: Harry Karamitsos
Explanation: The Rosette Nebula, NGC 2237, is not the only cosmic cloud of gas and dust to evoke the imagery of flowers, but it is probably the most famous. At the edge of a large molecular cloud in Monoceros some 5,000 light years away, the petals of this cosmic rose are actually a stellar nursery. The lovely, symmetric shape is sculpted by the winds and radiation from its central cluster of hot young, O-type stars. Stars in the energetic cluster, cataloged as NGC 2244, are only a few million years young, while the central cavity in the Rosette Nebula, is about 50 light-years in diameter. The nebula can be seen with a small telescope toward the constellation of Monoceros, the Unicorn. This natural appearing telescopic portrait of the Rosette Nebula was made using broadband color filters, but sometimes roses aren't red.
13/02/2025
ARCHEOLOGIE - Le trésor de Toutânkhamon - La Maison d’éternité du pharaon
ASTRONOMY - Reflections on VdB 31
2025 February 13
Image Credit & Copyright: Roberto Marinoni
Explanation: Riding high in the constellation of Auriga, beautiful, blue VdB 31 is the 31st object in Sidney van den Bergh's 1966 catalog of reflection nebulae. It shares this well-composed celestial still life with dark, obscuring clouds B26, B27, and B28, recorded in Edward E. Barnard's 1919 catalog of dark markings in the sky. All are these nebulae are interstellar dust clouds. Barnard's dark nebulae block the light from background stars. For VdB 31 the dust preferentially reflects bluish starlight from embedded, hot, variable star AB Aurigae. Exploring the environs of AB Aurigae with the Hubble Space Telescope has revealed the several million year young star is itself surrounded by a flattened dusty disk with evidence for the ongoing formation of a planetary system. AB Aurigae is about 470 light-years away. At that distance this cosmic canvas would span about eight light-years.
12/02/2025
ASTRONOMIE - Observer Mars - La mythique planète rouge
SANTé/MEDECINE - Le cerveau - Reconstitution tridimensionnelle d'une boîte crânienne
ASTRONOMY - Asteroid Bennu Holds the Building Blocks of Life
2025 February 12
Video Credit: Data: NASA, SVS, U. Arizona, CSA, York U., MDA; Visualizer: Kel Elkins (lead, SVS); Text:
Explanation: What can a space rock tell us about life on Earth? NASA's OSIRIS-REx spacecraft made a careful approach to the near-Earth asteroid 101955 Bennu in October of 2020 to collect surface samples. In September 2023, the robotic spaceship returned these samples to Earth. A recent analysis has shown, surprisingly, that the samples contained 14 out of the 20 known amino acids that are the essential building blocks of life. The presence of the amino acids re-introduces a big question: Could life have originated in space? However, the protein building blocks themselves held another surprise -- they contained an even mixture of left-handed and right-handed amino acids -- in contrast to our Earth which only has left-handed ones. This raises another big question: Why does life on Earth have only left-handed amino acids? Research on this is sure to continue.
11/02/2025
ASTRONOMY - The Spider and the Fly
2025 February 11
Image Credit & Copyright: Dave Boddington
Explanation: Will the spider ever catch the fly? Not if both are large emission nebulas toward the constellation of the Charioteer (Auriga). The spider-shaped gas cloud in the image center is actually an emission nebula labelled IC 417, while the smaller fly-shaped cloud on the left is dubbed NGC 1931 and is both an emission nebula and a reflection nebula. About 10,000 light-years distant, both nebulas harbor young star clusters. For scale, the more compact NGC 1931 (Fly) is about 10 light-years across. The featured deep image, captured over 20 hours during late January in Berkshire UK, also shows more diffuse and red-glowing interstellar gas and dust.
10/02/2025
ARCHEOLOGIE - Le trésor de Toutânkhamon - La Maison d’éternité du pharaon
ASTRONOMY - Auroral Hummingbird over Norway
2025 February 10
Image Credit & Copyright: Mickael Coulon
Explanation: Is this the largest hummingbird ever? Although it may look like a popular fluttering nectarivore, what is pictured is actually a beautifully detailed and colorful aurora, complete with rays reminiscent of feathers. This aurora was so bright that it was visible to the unaided eye during blue hour -- just after sunset when the sky appears a darkening blue. However, the aurora only looked like a hummingbird through a sensitive camera able to pick up faint glows. As reds typically occurring higher in the Earth's atmosphere than the greens, the real 3D shape of this aurora would likely appear unfamiliar. Auroras are created when an explosion on the Sun causes high energy particles to flow into the Earth's atmosphere and excite atoms and molecules of nitrogen and oxygen. The featured image was captured about two weeks ago above Lyngseidt, Norway.
09/02/2025
ARCHEOLOGIE - Le trésor de Toutânkhamon - Le trône du pharaon enfant
SANTé/MEDECINE - Le cerveau - Synapse d'un neurone pyramidal
ASTRONOMY - Blue Ghost on the Moon
2025 March 3 Blue Ghost on the Moon Image Credit: Firefly Aerospace Explanation: There's a new lander on the Moon. Yesterday Firefly ...
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2021 May 11 Lightning and Orion Beyond Uluru Image Credit & Copyright: Park Liu Explanation: What's happening behind Uluru? A Un...
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2021 January 3 A Phoenix Aurora over Iceland Image Credit & Copyright: Hallgrimur P. Helgason ; Rollover Annotation: Judy Schmidt Ex...