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02/04/2023

ASTRONOMY - M57: The Ring Nebula from Hubble

 2023 April 2

A colorful oval nebula is shown star field is shown 
in a sparse starfield. Fainter red nebulosity surrounds the
bright oval. A relatively bright star is seen in the oval's
center.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

M57: The Ring Nebula from Hubble
Image Credit: NASAESAHubble Legacy ArchiveProcessing: Judy Schmidt

Explanation: It was noticed hundreds of years ago by stargazers who could not understand its unusual shape. It looked like a ring on the sky. Except for the rings of Saturn, the Ring Nebula (M57) may be the most famous celestial circle. We now know what it is, and that its iconic shape is due to our lucky perspective. The recent mapping of the expanding nebula's 3-D structure, based in part on this clear Hubble image,indicates that the nebula is a relatively dense, donut-like ring wrapped around the middle of an (American) football-shaped cloud of glowing gas. Our view from planet Earth looks down the long axis of the football, face-on to the ring. Of course, in this well-studied example of a planetary nebula, the glowing material does not come from planets. Instead, the gaseous shroud represents outer layers expelled from the dying, once sun-like star, now a tiny pinprick of light seen at the nebula's center. Intense ultraviolet light from the hot central star ionizes atoms in the gas. The Ring Nebula is about one light-year across and 2,500 light-years away.

01/04/2023

ASTRONOMY - NGC 2442: Galaxy in Volans

 2023 April 1

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

NGC 2442: Galaxy in Volans
Image Credit & CopyrightNicolas RollandMartin Pugh

Explanation: Distorted galaxy NGC 2442 can be found in the southern constellation of the flying fish, (Piscis) Volans. Located about 50 million light-years away, the galaxy's two spiral arms extending from a pronounced central bar give it a hook-shaped appearance in this deep colorful image, with spiky foreground stars scattered across the telescopic field of view. The image also reveals the distant galaxy's obscuring dust lanes, young blue star clusters and reddish star forming regions surrounding a core of yellowish light from an older population of stars. But the star forming regions seem more concentrated along the drawn-out (upper right) spiral arm. The distorted structure is likely the result of an ancient close encounter with the smaller galaxy seen near the top left of the frame. The two interacting galaxies are separated by about 150,000 light-years at the estimated distance of NGC 2442.

31/03/2023

ART FRACTAL - Fascinante fractale d’or


Si les cités d'or existaient, elles ressembleraient probablement à cette fractale : jaunes et étincelantes, constituées d'escaliers en colimaçon gigantesques et de lustres incrustés de saphirs bleus.

© Futura

SANTE - (1/10) - Anatomie de la tête de côté avec les artères carotides

 

Sur cette illustration apparaissent les artères carotides gauches. Les artères carotides externes apportent du sang dans la plupart des tissus de la tête sauf l'encéphale et les orbites, avec des ramifications vers la thyroïde, le larynx, la langue, la peau, les muscles... Les artères carotides internes irriguent les orbites (artères ophtalmiques) et le cerveau.
 
© Patrick J. Lynch, Medical illustrator, CC by 2.0
FuturaSciences

ASTRONOMY - Seeing Titan

 2023 March 31

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

Seeing Titan
Image Credit: VIMS TeamU. ArizonaU. NantesESANASA

Explanation: Shrouded in a thick atmosphere, Saturn's largest moon Titan really is hard to see. Small particles suspended in the upper atmosphere cause an almost impenetrable haze, strongly scattering light at visible wavelengths and hiding Titan's surface features from prying eyes. But Titan's surface is better imaged at infrared wavelengths where scattering is weaker and atmospheric absorption is reduced. Arrayed around this visible light image (center) of Titan are some of the clearest global infrared views of the tantalizing moon so far. In false color, the six panels present a consistent processing of 13 years of infrared image data from the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) on board the Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn from 2004 to 2017. They offer a stunning comparison with Cassini's visible light view. NASA's revolutionary rotorcraft mission to Titan is due to launch in 2027.

30/03/2023

AVIONS DE LEGENDE - Douglas DC3/C47

 

À partir de 1936, le DC3, avec ses ailes basses « cantilever » (sans mâts ni haubans) portant deux moteurs, son fuselage cylindrique et son aérodynamisme, devient l'archétype de l'avion de ligne moderne. D'autres appareils lui ressemblent (comme le Boeing 247) mais c'est lui qui se vend le mieux. Il est rapide (plus de 300 km/h), fiable et confortable, avec un rayon d'action de plus de deux mille kilomètres.

Durant la seconde guerre mondiale, l'armée de l'air US le choisit comme avion de transport. Il devient le C47 (et le « Dakota » au Royaume-Uni), utilisé notamment pour les parachutages et le remorquage de planeurs. Décoré de bandes noires et blanches, il demeure un des symboles du débarquement des forces alliées en juin 1944.

Après la guerre, le DC3 connaît une carrière d'avion de ligne d'une invraisemblable durée. Dans les années 1960, à l'heure où apparaissent les jets, il équipe notamment Air France comme moyen-courrier. Aujourd'hui encore, équipé de turbines remplaçant les moteurs à pistons, il vole dans quelques endroits du monde.

L'appareil en photographie appartient à l'association France DC3, qui le produit en meeting aérien, comme ici à La Ferté Alais en mai 2009.

© JL Goudet, DR
FuturaSciences

ASTRONOMY - NGC 4372 and the Dark Doodad

 2023 March 30

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

NGC 4372 and the Dark Doodad
Image Credit & Copyright: Matias Tomasello

Explanation: The delightful Dark Doodad Nebula drifts through southern skies, a tantalizing target for binoculars toward the small constellation Musca, The Fly. The dusty cosmic cloud is seen against rich starfields just south of the Coalsack Nebula and the Southern Cross. Stretching for about 3 degrees across the center of this telephoto field of view, the Dark Doodad is punctuated near its southern tip (upper right) by yellowish globular star cluster NGC 4372. Of course NGC 4372 roams the halo of our Milky Way Galaxy, a background object some 20,000 light-years away and only by chance along our line-of-sight to the Dark Doodad. The Dark Doodad's well defined silhouette belongs to the Musca molecular cloud, but its better known alliterative moniker was first coined by astro-imager and writer Dennis di Cicco in 1986 while observing Comet Halley from the Australian outback. The Dark Doodad is around 700 light-years distant and over 30 light-years long.

29/03/2023

AERONAUTIQUE - Le taxi volant français Atea est prêt à décoller


Développé à Toulouse, l’Atea est un aéronef à décollage vertical doté d’une motorisation hybride. Il peut emmener jusqu’à cinq passagers sur une distance de 400 kilomètres en croisant à 200 km/h.

Parmi les nombreux projets de taxis volants, il y a le projet français d'Ascendance Flight Technologies. Née en 2018, la société a été créée par quatre anciens ingénieurs d'Airbus qui planchaient sur l'avion électrique E-Fan. Leur concept d'aéronef VTOL (Vertical Take-off and Landing aircraft) porte le nom d'Atea. Cet appareil, de 14 mètres d'envergure, décolle donc à la verticale grâce à huit gros rotors totalement intégrés dans le carénage des deux paires d'ailes.

Pour basculer en vol en croisière, à l'avant et à l'arrière, deux moteurs à hélice prennent le relais. Les rotors d'ailes s'arrêtent à partir du moment où l'Atea a suffisamment de vitesse et donc de portance pour pouvoir s'en passer. Pour pouvoir emporter jusqu'à cinq personnes sur une distance de 400 kilomètres à une vitesse de croisière de 200 km/h, l'aéronef est équipé d'une motorisation hybride.

Décollage prévu en 2024.

FuturaSciences

ASTSRONOMY - Sh2-308: A Dolphin Shaped Star Bubble

 2023 March 29

A star field is shown with ragged red clouds on 
the far left and a thin blue cloud with the outline
similar to the head of a dolphin to the right.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Sh2-308: A Dolphin Shaped Star Bubble
Image Credit & Copyright: Aleix Roig (AstroCatInfo)

Explanation: Which star created this bubble? It wasn't the bright star on the bubble's right. And it also wasn't a giant space dolphin. It was the star in the blue nebula's center, a famously energetic Wolf-Rayet starWolf-Rayet stars in general have over 20 times the mass of our Sun and expel fast particle winds that can create iconic looking nebulas. In this case, the resulting star bubble spans over 60 light years, is about 70,000 years old, and happens to look like the head of a dolphin. Named Sh2-308 and dubbed the Dolphin-Head Nebula, the gas ball lies about 5,000 light years away and covers as much sky as the full moon -- although it is much dimmer. The nearby red-tinged clouds on the left of the featured image may owe their glow and shape to energetic light emitted from the same Wolf-Rayet star.

28/03/2023

ASTRONOMY - A Multiple Green Flash Sunset

 2023 March 28

A distant sunset is seen between an orange sky and
dark clouds. A close look at the Sun shows it is topped 
with several green strips, each known as a green flash.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

A Multiple Green Flash Sunset
Image Credit & Copyright: T. Slovinský & P. Horálek (IoP Opava); CTIONOIRLabNSFAURA

Explanation: Yes, but can your green flash do this? A green flash at sunset is a rare event that many Sun watchers pride themselves on having seen.  Once thought to be a myth, a green flash is now understood to occur when the Earth's atmosphere acts like both a prism and a lens. Different atmospheric layers create altitude-variable refraction that takes light from the top of the Sun and disperses its colors, creates two images, and magnifies it in just the right way to make a thin sliver appear green just before it disappears. Pictured, though, is an even more unusual sunset. From the high-altitude Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile one day last April, the Sun was captured setting beyond an atmosphere with multiple distinct thermal layers, creating several  mock images of the Sun.  This time and from this location, many of those layers produced a green flash simultaneously. Just seconds after this multiple-green-flash event was caught by two well-surprised astrophotographers, the Sun set below the clouds.

ASTRONOMY - Christmas Tree Aurora

 2024 December 23 Christmas Tree Aurora Image Credit & Copyright:  Jingyi Zhang Explanation:  It was December and the sky lit up like a ...