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03/07/2022
02/07/2022
ASTRONOMY - Solargraphic Analemmas
2022 July 2
Image Credit & Copyright: Dawid Rycabel (Pinholove)
Explanation: For the northern hemisphere June 21 was the summer solstice, the Sun reaching its northernmost declination for the year. That would put it at the top of each of these three figure-8 curves, or analemmas, as it passed through the daytime sky over the village of Proboszczow, Poland. No sequence of digital exposures was used to construct the remarkable image though. Using a pinhole camera fixed to face south during the period June 26, 2021 to June 26, 2022, the image was formed directly on a single sheet of photographic paper, a technique known as solargraphy. The three analemmas are the result of briefly exposing the photo paper through the pinhole each day at 11:00, 12:00, and 13:00 CET. Groups of dashed lines on the sides show partial tracks of the Sun from daily exposures made every 15 minutes. Over the year-long solargraphic photo opportunity clouds blocking the Sun during the pinhole exposures created the dark gaps.
SANTE/MEDECINE - ATTENTION : Tampons hygièniques cancérigènes
Quelles sont les alternatives sans risque ?
01/07/2022
ASTRONOMY - The Solar System's Planet Trails
2022 July 1
Image Credit & Copyright: Zheng Zhi
Explanation: Stars trail through a clear morning sky in this postcard from a rotating planet. The timelapse image is constructed from consecutive exposures made over nearly three hours with a camera fixed to a tripod beside the Forbidden City in Beijing, China on June 24. Arcing above the eastern horizon after the series of exposures began, a waning crescent Moon left the brightest streak and watery reflection. On that date the planets of the Solar System were also lined up along the ecliptic and left their own trails before sunrise. Saturn was first to rise on that morning and the ringed planet's trail starts close to the top right edge, almost out of the frame. Innermost planet Mercury rose only just before the Sun though. It left the shortest trail, visible against the twilight near the horizon at the far left. Uranus and Neptune are faint and hard to find, but mingled with the star trails the Solar System's planet trails are all labeled in the scene.
30/06/2022
MERVEILLEUX MONDE SOUS-MARIN - La flabelline blanche
ASTRONOMY - Solar System Family Portrait
2022 June 30
Image Credit & Copyright: Alexis Trigo
Explanation: Yes, but have you ever seen all of the planets at once? A rare roll-call of planets has been occurring in the morning sky for much of June. The featured fisheye all-sky image, taken a few mornings ago near the town of San Pedro de Atacama in Chile, caught not only the entire planet parade, but the Moon between Mars and Venus. In order, left to right along the ecliptic plane, members of this Solar System family portrait are Earth, Saturn, Neptune, Jupiter, Mars, Uranus, Venus, Mercury, and Earth. To emphasize their locations, Neptune and Uranus have been artificially enhanced. The volcano just below Mercury is Licancabur. In July, Mercury will move into the Sun's glare but reappear a few days later on the evening side. Then, in August, Saturn will drift past the direction opposite the Sun and so become visible at dusk instead of dawn. The next time that all eight planets will be simultaneously visible in the evening sky will be in 2122.
28/06/2022
ASTRONOMY - Mercury from Passing BepiColombo
2022 June 28
Image Credit & License: ESA, JAXA, BepiColombo, MTM
Explanation: Which part of the Moon is this? No part -- because this is the planet Mercury. Mercury's old surface is heavily cratered like that of Earth's Moon. Mercury, while only slightly larger than Luna, is much denser and more massive than any Solar System moon because it is made mostly of iron. In fact, our Earth is the only planet more dense. Because Mercury rotates exactly three times for every two orbits around the Sun, and because Mercury's orbit is so elliptical, visitors on Mercury could see the Sun rise, stop in the sky, go back toward the rising horizon, stop again, and then set quickly over the other horizon. From Earth, Mercury's proximity to the Sun causes it to be visible only for a short time just after sunset or just before sunrise. The featured image was captured last week by ESA and JAXA's passing BepiColombo spacecraft as it sheds energy and prepares to orbit the innermost planet starting in 2025.
26/06/2022
SAUDE/MEDECINA - Estamos muito perto de encontrar uma vacina contra o cancro
Na área do cancro, a chamada medicina de precisão tem sido fundamental na identificação de mutações tumorais que podem ser usadas como alvo de vacinas de mRNA personalizadas. “Durante muitos anos ficámos todos deslumbrados com a possibilidade de identificarmos alterações genéticas nos genes do cancro, mas agora já estamos a perceber que existem também muitas alterações no RNA [ácido ribonucleico, molécula essencial na síntese de proteínas] e no metabolismo de pequenas moléculas”, comenta Maria do Carmo Fonseca, cientista galardoada com o Prémio Pessoa em 2010, atualmente presidente da RNA Society.
“Da mesma maneira que, na Covid-19, injetamos o mRNA que codifica a proteína Spike, numa vacina contra o cancro temos de incluir a informação genética que codifica as proteínas próprias das células cancerosas e que são especificas daquele cancro”, explica a investigadora. No entanto, ao contrário do SARS-CoV-2, em que a proteína Spike é igual para todos os doentes, no cancro cada caso é um caso e a vacina tem de ser muito personalizada.
Testadas sobretudo em pacientes com melanoma, na Alemanha e nos Estados Unidos da América, as vacinas já foram administradas a “centenas de doentes” no âmbito de ensaios clinicos, “com resultados muito promissores”, assegura Carmo Fonseca.
Em Portugal, a cientista conduz uma investigação revolucionária que, no futuro, poderá criar uma vacina de mRNA capaz de “ensinar o nosso sistema imune a reconhecer as células cancerosas, assim que elas aparecem no corpo, e a destruí-las imediatamente”. Esta vacina vai ser específica para cancros hereditários resultantes de mutação BRCA e, neste momento, os investigadores estão focados na mutação fundadora portuguesa, que é a mais frequente em Portugal.
Os mais importantes avanços da Ciência na área do cancro – seja na prevenção, como no caso das vacinas, seja no diagnóstico (em que a Inteligência Artificial começa a dar cartas) e, principalmente, no tratamento (com as novas terapias celulares a ensinarem o nosso corpo a adquirir uma “superimunidade”) – são longamente esmiuçados num artigo da VISÃO Saúde .
Nada disto é ficção científica – a tecnologia está aí e, em muitos casos, consegue mesmo salvar-nos.
Visão
ASTRONOMY - Light Echoes from V838 Mon
2022 June 26
Image Credit: NASA, ESA, H. E. Bond (STScI)
Explanation: What caused this outburst of V838 Mon? For reasons unknown, star V838 Mon's outer surface suddenly greatly expanded with the result that it became one of the brighter stars in the Milky Way Galaxy in early 2002. Then, just as suddenly, it shrunk and faded. A stellar flash like this had never been seen before -- supernovas and novas expel matter out into space. Although the V838 Mon flash appears to expel material into space, what is seen in the featured image from the Hubble Space Telescope is actually an outwardly expanding light echo of the original flash. In a light echo, light from the flash is reflected by successively more distant surfaces in the complex array of ambient interstellar dust that already surrounded the star. V838 Mon lies about 20,000 light years away toward the constellation of the unicorn (Monoceros), while the light echo above spans about six light years in diameter.
SANTé/MEDECINE - Procédé révolutionnaire dans la lutte contre le cancer - 2/6 : Une découverte qui change tout
Jusqu’à présent, la lutte contre le cancer reposait principalement sur la chimiothérapie, la radiothérapie ou la chirurgie. Ces traitements,...
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2022 September 26 All the Water on Planet Earth Illustration Credit: Jack Cook, Adam Nieman, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution ; Data ...
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La majorité des grêlons qui tombent sous les orages et les averses ne pèsent que quelques grammes. Mais il y a quelques années, c'est un...