ASTRONOMY - Cassini Looks Out from Saturn

 2022 December 23

Cassini Looks Out from Saturn
Image Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech, Space Science Institute

Explanation: This is what Saturn looks like from inside the rings. In 2017, for the first time, NASA directed the Cassini spacecraft to swoop between Saturn and its rings. During the dive, the robotic spacecraft took hundreds of images showing unprecedented detail for structures in Saturn's atmosphere. Looking back out, however, the spacecraft was also able to capture impressive vistas. In the featured image, taken a few hours before closest approach, Saturn's unusual northern hexagon is seen surrounding the North Pole. Saturn's B ring is the closest visible, while the dark Cassini Division separates B from the outer A. A close inspection will find the two small moons that shepherd the F-ring, the farthest ring discernable. A few months after this image was taken -- and after more than a decade of exploration and discovery -- the Cassini spacecraft ran low on fuel and was directed to enter Saturn's atmosphere, where it surely melted.

BIOMIMETISME - LA SCIENCE S'INSPIRE DE LA NATURE - De la peau de requin sur des avions

La peau des requins est aussi une source d'inspiration. Si cela ne saute pas yeux, elle est en réalité recouverte de millions de petites « dents » appelées denticules cutanées. Grâce à cela, le requin améliore sa glisse dans l'eau et cette peau permet à certaines espèces, comme le requin mako, de faire des pointes de vitesse à environ 60 km/h.

Les équipementiers sportifs se sont inspirés de la peau des squales pour concevoir une combinaison de natation pour les nageurs professionnels. La collection Fastskin de Speedo, notamment, copie la peau des requins mako. Airbus a aussi recouvert certains de ses avions de revêtement strié qui imite les denticules cutanées.

© Stevelaycock21, Wikimedia Commons, CC by-sa 4.0

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ASTRONOMY - NGC 1365: Majestic Island Universe

 2022 December 22

NGC 1365: Majestic Island Universe
Image Credit & Copyright: Martin Pugh

Explanation: Barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 is truly a majestic island universe some 200,000 light-years across. Located a mere 60 million light-years away toward the faint but heated constellation Fornax, NGC 1365 is a dominant member of the well-studied Fornax Cluster of galaxies. This impressively sharp color image shows the intense, reddish star forming regions near the ends of central bar and along the spiral arms, with details of the obscuring dust lanes cutting across the galaxy's bright core. At the core lies a supermassive black hole. Astronomers think NGC 1365's prominent bar plays a crucial role in the galaxy's evolution, drawing gas and dust into a star-forming maelstrom and ultimately feeding material into the central black hole.

MERVEILLES SOUS-MARINES - Héracléion, Egypte

Crédit photo: Ancient Explorers

La fameuse cité d’Héracléion a été retrouvée dans les années 2000 engloutie près d’Alexandrie en Egypte. Des découvertes majeures ont été faites comme des statues et le palais de Cléopâtre en personne.

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ASTRONOMY - Sun Halo at Sixty-three Degrees North

 2022 December 21

Sun Halo at Sixty-three Degrees North
Image Credit & Copyright: Goran Strand

Explanation: Happy Solstice! Today is the December solstice, marking an astronomical beginning of summer in the southern hemisphere and winter in the north. On its yearly trek through planet Earth's skies, at this solstice the Sun reaches its southern most declination, 23.5 degrees south, at 21:48 UTC. About 4 days ago the Sun was near this seasonal southern limit and so only just above the horizon at local noon over Ostersund in central Sweden. This view looking over the far northern lakeside city finds the midday Sun with a beautiful solar ice halo. Naturally occurring atmospheric ice crystals can produce the tantalizing halo displays, refracting and reflecting the sunlight through their hexagonal geometry. Still, with the Sun low and near the horizon in the clear sky, likely sources of the ice crystals producing this intense halo are snow cannons. Operating at a local ski area, the snowmaking machines create a visible plume at the top of the nearby island Froson toward the right side of the panorama.

MERVEILLES SOUS-MARINES - Grande barrière de corail, Australie

Crédit photo: Flickr – Toby Hudson

Sûrement l’une des merveilles sous-marines la plus connue dans le monde, la Grande Barrière de Corail est le plus grand spécimen sur Terre. Vous la retrouvez sur la cote Nord de l’Australie et vous pouvez même la voir depuis l’espace avec ces 2300 km de longueur.

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ASTRONOMY - Thor's Helmet

 2022 December 20

Thor's Helmet
Image Credit & Copyright: Hannah Rochford

Explanation: Thor not only has his own day (Thursday), but a helmet in the heavens. Popularly called Thor's Helmet, NGC 2359 is a hat-shaped cosmic cloud with wing-like appendages. Heroically sized even for a Norse god, Thor's Helmet is about 30 light-years across. In fact, the cosmic head-covering is more like an interstellar bubble, blown with a fast wind from the bright, massive star near the bubble's center. Known as a Wolf-Rayet star, the central star is an extremely hot giant thought to be in a brief, pre-supernova stage of evolution. NGC 2359 is located about 15,000 light-years away toward the constellation of the Great Overdog. This remarkably sharp image is a mixed cocktail of data from narrowband filters, capturing not only natural looking stars but details of the nebula's filamentary structures. The star in the center of Thor's Helmet is expected to explode in a spectacular supernova sometime within the next few thousand years.

ASTRONOMY - The Tadpole Nebula in Gas and Dust

 2022 December 19

The Tadpole Nebula in Gas and Dust
Image Credit & Copyright: Craig Stocks (Utah Desert Remote Observatories)

Explanation: What's causing the commotion in the Tadpole Nebula? Star formation. Dusty emission in the Tadpole Nebula, IC 410, lies about 12,000 light-years away in the northern constellation of the Charioteer (Auriga). The cloud of glowing gas is over 100 light-years across, sculpted by stellar winds and radiation from embedded open star cluster NGC 1893. Formed in the interstellar cloud a mere 4 million years ago, bright newly formed cluster stars are seen all around the star-forming nebula. Notable on the lower-right of the featured image are two relatively dense streamers of material trailing away from the nebula's central regions. Potentially sites of ongoing star formation in IC 410, these cosmic tadpole shapes are about 10 light-years long. The image was processed highlighting the emission from sulfur (red), hydrogen (green), and oxygen (blue) gas -- but with the stars digitally removed.

ASTRONOMY - 25 Brightest Stars in the Night Sky

 2022 December 18

25 Brightest Stars in the Night Sky
Image Credit & Copyright: Tragoolchitr Jittasaiyapan

Explanation: Do you know the names of some of the brightest stars? It's likely that you do, even though some bright stars have names so old they date back to near the beginning of written language. Many world cultures have their own names for the brightest stars, and it is culturally and historically important to remember them. In the interest of clear global communication, however, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) has begun to designate standardized star names. Featured here in true color are the 25 brightest stars in the night sky, currently as seen by humans, coupled with their IAU-recognized names. Some star names have interesting meanings, including Sirius ("the scorcher" in Latin), Vega ("falling" in Arabic), and Antares ("rival to Mars" in Greek). You are likely even familiar with the name of at least one star too dim to make this list: Polaris.

MERVEILLES SOUS-MARINES - Mont hydrothermal (Equateur)

Crédit photo: Wikimedia – NOAA

En 1977, au large des cotes de l’Equateur, ont été découvertes des sources hydrothermales à 2400 m de profondeur. Ces fumées sont causées par la divergence de deux plaques tectoniques.

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