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30/11/2022

ASTRONOMY - The Light, the Dark, and the Dusty

 2022 November 30

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
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The Light, the Dark, and the Dusty
Image Credit & CopyrightAnthony Quintile

Explanation: This colorful skyscape spans about four full moons across nebula rich starfields along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy in the royal northern constellation Cepheus. Near the edge of the region's massive molecular cloud some 2,400 light-years away, bright reddish emission region Sharpless (Sh) 155 is at the center of the frame, also known as the Cave Nebula. About 10 light-years across the cosmic cave's bright walls of gas are ionized by ultraviolet light from the hot young stars around it. Dusty reflection nebulae, like vdB 155 to the right, and dense obscuring clouds of dust also abound on the interstellar canvas. Astronomical explorations have revealed other dramatic signs of star formation, including the bright reddish fleck of Herbig-Haro (HH) 168. Below and right of center, the Herbig-Haro object emission is generated by energetic jets from a newborn star.

29/11/2022

BIOMIMETISME - LA NATURE INSPIRE LA SCIENCE - Le bombyx


Le bombyx du mûrier est un papillon de nuit originaire de Chine dont la larve est utilisée depuis des millénaires pour confectionner la soie. En 2016, les antennes du papillon ont donné une drôle d'idée aux scientifiques du CNRS : copier leur structure pour élaborer un détecteur d'explosif. Quand on regarde de plus près les antennes du bombyx du mûrier, on aperçoit des centaines de petits cils. Inspirés, les scientifiques ont alors mis au point un micro-levier en silicium sur lequel sont mis bout à bout 500 000 nanotubes de dioxyde de titane. Cette construction est capable de détecter des quantités infimes de TNT, mais aussi certaines drogues et substances toxiques.

Pour rappel, le bombyx du mûrier n'existe pas à l'état sauvage, c'est un papillon domestique obtenu au fil des sélections pour produire de la soie.

© Zivya, Wikimedia Commons, CC by-sa 3.0

ASTRONOMY - The Gum Nebula Supernova Remnant

 2022 November 29

The featured image shows a grand skyscape with a 
brown desert road in the foreground and a sky containing
the Milky Way galactic band complete with a large red 
glow on the right which is the dim Gum Nebula. The
LMC galaxy is also visible. 
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

The Gum Nebula Supernova Remnant
Image Credit & Copyright: Victor Lima

Explanation: Because the Gum Nebula is the closest supernova remnant, it is actually hard to see. Spanning 40 degrees across the sky, the nebula appears so large and faint that it is easily lost in the din of a bright and complex background. The Gum Nebula is highlighted nicely in red emission toward the right of the featured wide-angle, single-image photograph taken in late May. Also visible in the frame are the Atacama Desert in Chile in the foreground, the Carina Nebula in the plane of our Milky Way galaxy running diagonally down from the upper left, and the neighboring Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) galaxy. The Gum Nebula is so close that we are much nearer the front edge than the back edge, each measuring 450 and 1500 light years respectively. The complicated nebula lies in the direction of the constellations of Puppis and Vela. Oddly, much remains unknown about the Gum Nebula, including the timing and even number of supernova explosions that formed it.

MUSIC - The Bands of HM Royal Marines - Brothers in arms

"Brothers in arms"

28/11/2022

ASTRONOMY - Leonid Meteors Through Orion

 2022 November 28

The featured image is a composite showing many meteors trails
streaking across a sky featuring the familiar constellation of Orion.
In the foreground two people sit in adjoining chairs facing away
from the camera, one holding a wand with a glowing star at the end.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Leonid Meteors Through Orion
Image Credit & Copyright: Luo Hongyang

Explanation: Where will the next meteor appear? Even during a meteor shower, it is practically impossible to know. Therefore, a good way to enjoy a meteor shower is to find a place where you can sit comfortably and monitor a great expanse of dark sky. And it may be satisfying to share this experience with a friend. The meteor shower depicted was the 2022 Leonids which peaked earlier this month, and the view is from HainanChina looking out over the South China Sea. Meteor streaks captured over a few hours were isolated and added to a foreground image recorded earlier. From this place and time, Leonid meteors that trace back to the constellation of Leo were seen streaking across other constellations including Orion. The bright red planet Mars appears near the top of the image. Bonding over their love of astronomy, the two pictured meteor enthusiasts, shown celebrating their common birthday this month, are now married.

26/11/2022

BIOMIMETISME - LA NATURE INSPIRE LA SCIENCE - Des écrans inspirés des ailes transparentes d'un petit papillon

Le papillon Greta oto, que l'on retrouve en Amérique du Sud, est une merveille de la nature. Ses ailes sont transparentes, c'est-à-dire qu'elles ne reflètent pas la lumière plus précisément. Un moyen efficace d'échapper aux prédateurs. La partie transparente des ailes du Greta oto est en réalité composée de nanostructures en forme de colonne dont la taille varie entre 400 et 600 nm de haut. Grâce à cela, seulement 2 à 5 % de la lumière incidente qui frappe les ailes est réfléchie, les faisant apparaître transparentes.

Cette capacité a évidement éveillé la curiosité des ingénieurs, qui ont vu dans ces ailes une inspiration pour créer des surfaces antireflets, comme des écrans ou un traitement spécifique pour les lunettes.

© O. Schneider
Wikimedia Commons, CC by-sa 3.0

ASTRONOMY - Saturn at Night

 2022 November 26

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

Saturn at Night
NASAJPL-CaltechSpace Science InstituteMindaugas Macijauskas

Explanation: Saturn is still bright in planet Earth's night skies. Telescopic views of the distant gas giant and its beautiful rings often make it a star at star parties. But this stunning view of Saturn's rings and night side just isn't possible from telescopes closer to the Sun than the outer planet. They can only bring Saturn's day into view. In fact, this image of Saturn's slender sunlit crescent with night's shadow cast across its broad and complex ring system was captured by the Cassini spacecraft. A robot spacecraft from planet Earth, Cassini called Saturn orbit home for 13 years before it was directed to dive into the atmosphere of the gas giant on September 15, 2017. This magnificent mosaic is composed of frames recorded by Cassini's wide-angle camera only two days before its grand final plunge. Saturn's night will not be seen again until another spaceship from Earth calls.

24/11/2022

MACROPHOTOGRAPHIE - Un scarabée tigre aux couleurs chatoyantes


Surnommée scarabée tigre, la cicindèle (Cicindelinae) est un insecte carnivore appartenant à la famille des carabes, ce sont des coléoptères pouvant mesurer jusqu'à 4 cm. C'est un véritable chasseur dont la fine apparence lui permet de voler très rapidement à la poursuite de ses proies, qu'il repère grâce à ses grands yeux puis qu'il attrape avec ses mandibules. La vitesse de ce scarabée tigre est tellement grande qu'il se retrouve parfois aveuglé, ne pouvant capter que des bribes de lumière : il parcourt jusqu'à 120 fois la longueur de son corps en une seule seconde, soit une vitesse de 9 km/h ! En équivalent humain, cela reviendrait à 770 km/h ! Présent majoritairement en France métropolitaine, particulièrement dans la région Paca, la cicindèle est naturellement peu représentée, et vit dans des habitats sableux ou sablo-limoneux.

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MICROPHOTOGRAPHIE - Marek Miś - Un mélange à base d'hématoxyline qui fait des étincelles

 

Certains y reconnaîtront des aigrettes de pissenlit, prêtes à s'envoler au vent ou au souffle d'une petite fille. D'autres, peut-être, y verront quelques cierges magiques de leur enfance, étincelant de tous leurs charmes dans une nuit noire. Et devons-nous vraiment briser le rêve ? Révéler le secret du photographe qui, le temps d'un cliché, a su revêtir un habit de magicien ?

Sur cette incroyable microphotographie, il ne s'agit finalement que du résultat du simple mélange d'un médicament destiné à traiter les rhinites avec de l'hématoxyline, un colorant couramment utilisé en histologie. Il permet d'étudier les tissus biologiques en teintant notamment les noyaux des cellules en une sorte de bleu violet. Mais ici, rien de vivant. Que des cristaux inertes à partir desquels un brin de lumière polarisée et un grossissement de 100 fois parviennent à créer un véritable enchantement.

Cliché réalisé à l'aide d'un microscope Olympus BH-2 et d'un appareil Pentax K5.
 
© Marek Miś
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MARAVILHOSO MUNDO SUBMARINO - Um polvo blanket mostra os seus padrões e cores

Um polvo blanket mostra os seus padrões e cores

Katherine Lu
Visão

ASTRONOMY - Lynds Dark Nebula 1251

 2022 November 24

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

Lynds Dark Nebula 1251
Image Credit & Copyright: Stefano Attalienti

Explanation: Stars are forming in Lynds Dark Nebula (LDN) 1251. About 1,000 light-years away and drifting above the plane of our Milky Way galaxy, the dusty molecular cloud is part of a complex of dark nebulae mapped toward the Cepheus flare region. Across the spectrum, astronomical explorations of the obscuring interstellar clouds reveal energetic shocks and outflows associated with newborn stars, including the telltale reddish glow from scattered Herbig-Haro objects hiding in the image. Distant background galaxies also lurk on the scene, almost buried behind the dusty expanse. This alluring view spans over four full moons on the sky, or 35 light-years at the estimated distance of LDN 1251.

AVIATION IMAGINEE - L'arrivée du courrier en avion


Cette vision du futur nous semble plutôt banale tant les entreprises comme Fedex ou La Poste font partie de notre quotidien. Pourtant, au début du XXe siècle, l’arrivée du courrier en avion paraissait une petite révolution !

© Couverture de Literary Digest, le 31 mai 1919
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23/11/2022

ASTRONOMY - Earthset from Orion

 2022 November 23

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

Earthset from Orion
Image Credit: NASAArtemis 1

Explanation: Eight billion people are about to disappear in this snapshot from space. Taken on November 21, the sixth day of the Artemis 1 mission, their home world is setting behind the Moon's bright edge as viewed by an external camera on the outbound Orion spacecraft. The Orion was headed for a powered flyby that took it to within 130 kilometers of the lunar surface. Velocity gained in the flyby maneuver will be used to reach a distant retrograde orbit around the Moon. That orbit is considered distant because it's another 92,000 kilometers beyond the Moon, and retrograde because the spacecraft will orbit in the opposite direction of the Moon's orbit around planet Earth. Orion will enter its distant retrograde orbit on Friday, November 25. Swinging around the Moon, Orion will reach a maximum distance (just over 400,000 kilometers) from Earth on Monday November 28 exceeding a record set by Apollo 13 for most distant spacecraft designed for human space exploration.

22/11/2022

ASTRONOMY - A Double Star Cluster in Perseus

 2022 November 22

The featured image shows two clusters of blue stars
placed next to each other. 
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

A Double Star Cluster in Perseus
Image Credit & Copyright: Tommy Lease

Explanation: Few star clusters this close to each other. Visible to the unaided eye from dark sky areas, it was cataloged in 130 BC by Greek astronomer Hipparchus. Some 7,000 light-years away, this pair of open star clusters is also an easy binocular target, a striking starfield in the northern constellation of the mythical Greek hero Perseus. Now known as h and chi Persei, or NGC 869 (above right) and NGC 884, the clusters themselves are separated by only a few hundred light-years and contain stars much younger and hotter than the Sun. In addition to being physically close together, the clusters' ages based on their individual stars are similar - evidence that both clusters were likely a product of the same star-forming region.

21/11/2022

BIOMIMETISME - LA NATURE INSPIRE LA SCIENCE - Les feuilles autonettoyantes du lotus

Le lotus (Nelumbo spp) est une plante aquatique. Pourtant l'eau, ce n'est pas vraiment son truc, surtout sur ses feuilles. En effet, ces dernières sont superhydrophobes, c'est-à-dire que leur surface repousse l'eau, elle glisse littéralement sur les feuilles. Les propriétés superhydrophobes des feuilles de lotus sont dues à une rugosité nanométrique, des petites pointes de l'ordre du nanomètre. Lorsqu'une goutte d'eau tombe sur les petites pointes, elle n'y adhère pas et emporte avec elle les impuretés présentes sur la plante.

Cette propriété physique intéresse bon nombre de domaines et cela depuis sa découverte dans les années 70. Des tissus déperlants, des parois de douche autonettoyantes ou encore des revêtements utilisés en aéronautique sont basés sur la rugosité nanométrique.

© William Thielicke, Wikimedia Commons, CC by-sa 4.0 International, 3.0 Unported, 2.5 Generic, 2.0 Generic and 1.0 Generic license
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ASTRONOMY - The Butterfly Nebula from Hubble

 2022 November 21

The featured image shows the Butterfly Nebula as imaged
by Hubble. The nebula appears very colorful due to a expansive
color map used by the digitizing processor. 
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

The Butterfly Nebula from Hubble
Image Credit: NASAESAHubble; Processing: William Ostling

Explanation: Stars can make beautiful patterns as they age -- sometimes similar to flowers or insects. NGC 6302, the Butterfly Nebula, is a notable example. Though its gaseous wingspan covers over 3 light-years and its estimated surface temperature exceeds 200,000 degrees C, the aging central star of NGC 6302, the featured planetary nebula, has become exceptionally hot, shining brightly in visible and ultraviolet light but hidden from direct view by a dense torus of dust. This sharp close-up was recorded by the Hubble Space Telescope and is processed here to show off remarkable details of the complex planetary nebula, highlighting in particular light emitted by oxygen (shown as blue), hydrogen (green), and nitrogen (red). NGC 6302 lies about 3,500 light-years away in the arachnologically correct constellation of the Scorpion (Scorpius). Planetary nebulas evolve from outer atmospheres of stars like our Sun, but usually fade in about 20,000 years.

20/11/2022

ASTRONOMY - Airglow Ripples over Tibet

 2022 November 20

The featured image shows a dark field with a photographer
lit in red imaging a night sky tinged with green airglow and
decorated with clouds that appear collectively like a giant
spiral.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Airglow Ripples over Tibet
Image Credit & Copyright: Jeff Dai

Explanation: Why would the sky look like a giant target? Airglow. Following a giant thunderstorm over Bangladesh in late April, giant circular ripples of glowing air appeared over TibetChina, as pictured here. The unusual pattern is created by atmospheric gravity waves, waves of alternating air pressure that can grow with height as the air thins, in this case about 90-kilometers up. Unlike auroras powered by collisions with energetic charged particles and seen at high latitudes, airglow is due to chemiluminescence, the production of light in a chemical reaction. More typically seen near the horizon, airglow keeps the night sky from ever being completely dark.

19/11/2022

MUSIC - Tchaikovsky - Waltz of the flowers (Daniel Barenboim - Berliner Philarmoniker)

"Waltz of the flowers"

ASTRONOMY - Artemis 1 Moonshot

 2022 November 19

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

Artemis 1 Moonshot
Image Credit & CopyrightJohn Kraus

Explanation: When the Artemis 1 mission's Orion spacecraft makes its November 21 powered flyby of the Moon, denizens of planet Earth will see the Moon in a waning crescent phase. The spacecraft will approach to within about 130 kilometers of the lunar surface on its way to a distant retrograde orbit some 70,000 kilometers beyond the Moon. But the Moon was at last quarter for the November 16 launch and near the horizon in the dark early hours after midnight. It's captured here in skies over Kennedy Space Center along with the SLS rocket engines and solid rocket boosters lofting the uncrewed Orion to space. Ragged fringes appearing along the bright edge of the sunlit lunar nearside are caused as pressure waves generated by the rocket's passage change the index of refraction along the camera's line of sight.

MARAVILHOSO MUNDO SUBMARINO - A luta de um surfista contra a onda

Um surfista luta contra a turbulência submarina criada pela 'onda mais pesada do mundo'
Teahupo'o
Ben Thouard

SAUDE/MEDECINA - Esperança : um exército contra o cancro


Um mês após uma experiência realizada com 16 doentes com tumores sólidos, a equipa de investigadores verificou que cinco dos participantes apresentaram doença estável, ou seja, os seus tumores deixaram de evoluir

Em janeiro de 2020, investigadores da Universidade de Cardiff, no País de Gales, apresentavam os resultados de uma investigação que acreditava no desenvolvimento de uma terapia universal para todos os tipos de cancros. Os investigadores testaram um novo método terapêutico com sucesso, conseguindo eliminar células associadas aos cancros de pulmão, pele, sangue, cólon, mama, ossos, próstata, ovários, rim, e cervical durante ensaios efetuados em laboratório. Na origem destes testes bem sucedidos, publicados na revista Nature Immunology, encontravam-se células T, que fazem parte do sistema imunitário dos seres humanos.

Agora, um nova ensaio clínico mostrou que a edição de genes CRISPR pode ser utilizada para alterar as células imunológicas com o objetivo de que elas reconheçam proteínas com mutações específicas dos tumores de um doente. Essas células podem ser libertadas com segurança no corpo para encontrarem e destruirem os seus alvos. “Estamos a tentar criar um exército com as próprias células T do doente”, disse, em declarações à Nature, Antoni Ribas, médico e investigador em cancro da Universidade da Califórnia, Los Angeles.

18/11/2022

ASTRONOMY - The Protostar within L1527

 2022 November 18

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

The Protostar within L1527
Image Credit: Science - NASAESACSASTScINIRCam
Processing - Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI)

Explanation: The protostar within dark cloud L1527 is a mere 100,000 years old, still embedded in the cloud of gas and dust that feeds its growth. In this NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope, the dark band at the neck of the infrared nebula is a thick disk that surrounds the young stellar object. Viewed nearly edge-on and a little larger than our Solar System, the disk ultimately supplies material to the protostar while hiding it from Webb's direct infrared view. The nebula itself is seen in stunning detail though. Illuminated by infrared light from the protostar, the hourglass-shaped nebula's cavities are created as material ejected in the star-forming process plows through the surrounding medium. As the protostar gains mass it will eventually become a full-fledged star, collapsing and igniting nuclear fusion in its core. A likely analog to our own Sun and Solar System in their early infancy, the protostar within dark cloud L1527 lies some 460 light-years distant in the Taurus star-forming region. Webb's NIRCam image spans about 0.3 light-years.

17/11/2022

SANTé/MéDECINE - Tabagisme et cigarette électronique


Selon le baromètre 2017 de Santé publique, 76,3 % des ex-fumeurs qui vapotent ou qui ont vapoté quotidiennement pendant au moins un mois déclarent que l’e‑cigarette les a aidés à arrêter de fumer. Passer de la cigarette à la cigarette électronique pourrait donc permettre le sevrage nicotinique. Mais si ce sevrage est rendu possible, comment doit-il être opéré pour avoir toutes les chances de fonctionner ?

Pour mettre fin à la dépendance nicotinique, encore faut-il en comprendre le fonctionnement, puisqu’il s’agit d’une dépendance physique dont les symptômes de sevrage peuvent être sévères ! Une fois consommée, la nicotine se fixe sur certains récepteurs du cerveau et provoque :
-une multiplication des récepteurs ;
-la libération de substances chimiques naturelles qui rend calme et alerte ;
-une sensation de bien-être ;
-un semblant de regain d’énergie.

Plus les récepteurs sont nombreux, plus le cerveau a tendance à réclamer de la nicotine, jusqu’à atteindre un niveau de besoin moyen au bout de quelques mois. L’utilisation de la cigarette électronique permet un calcul précis de la dose de nicotine ingérée. C’est en cela qu’elle est intéressante pour les fumeurs qui souhaitent se sevrer à l’aide d’outils qui sont hors du système de santé.

C’est la baisse progressive du taux de nicotine consommé quotidiennement qui permet la réussite d’un sevrage nicotinique. Et cette baisse progressive est assez simple à opérer à l’aide d’une cigarette électronique.

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ASTRONOMY - Planet Earth from Orion

 2022 November 17

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

Planet Earth from Orion
Image Credit: NASAArtemis 1

Explanation: A Space Launch System rocket left planet Earth on Wednesday, November 16 at 1:47am EST carrying the Orion spacecraft on the Artemis 1 mission, the first integrated test of NASA’s deep space exploration systems. Over an hour after liftoff from Kennedy Space Center's historic Launch Complex 39B, one of Orion's external video cameras captured this view of its new perspective from space. In the foreground are Orion's Orbital Maneuvering System engine and auxillary engines, at the bottom of the European Service Module. Beyond one of the module's 7-meter long extended solar array wings lies the spacecraft's beautiful home world. The Artemis 1 mission will last almost four weeks, testing capabilities to enable human exploration of the Moon and Mars. The uncrewed Orion spacecraft is expected to fly by the Moon on November 21, performing a close approach to the lunar surface on its way to a retrograde orbit 70,000 kilometers beyond the Moon.  

16/11/2022

MACROPHOTOGRAPHIE - Un lucane doré aux puissantes mandibules

Cette photo aux allures étincelantes représente un Allotopus rosenbergi, un coléoptère doré appartenant à la famille des Lucanidae. Son surnom « lucane cerf-volant », ou en anglais stag beetle, provient des grandes mandibules que possèdent la plupart des mâles, visibles sur la photo, et qui évoquent les bois des cerfs. Elles sont utilisées pour se battre pour des sites d'accouplement, ou pour de la nourriture. D'une taille de 4 à 8 cm, ces insectes sont cependant très peu agressifs envers les humains. Vivant uniquement en Asie du Sud-Est, principalement en Indonésie, le lucane cerf-volant est très recherché par les collectionneurs pour son apparence mordorée due à un exosquelette ambré et irisé qui recouvre son corps. 

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ASTRONOMY - In the Arms of NGC 1097

 2022 November 16

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

In the Arms of NGC 1097
Image Credit & CopyrightMike SelbyMark Hanson

Explanation: Spiral galaxy NGC 1097 shines in southern skies, about 45 million light-years away in the heated constellation Fornax. Its blue spiral arms are mottled with pinkish star forming regions in this colorful galaxy portrait. They seem to have wrapped around a small companion galaxy above and right of center, about 40,000 light-years from the spiral's luminous core. That's not NGC 1097's only peculiar feature, though. This very deep exposure hints of faint, mysterious jets, seen to extend well beyond the bluish arms. In fact, four faint jets are ultimately recognized in optical images of NGC 1097. The jets trace an X centered on the galaxy's nucleus, but probably don't originate there. Instead, they could be fossil star streams, trails left over from the capture and disruption of a much smaller galaxy in the large spiral's ancient past. A Seyfert galaxy, NGC 1097's nucleus also harbors a supermassive black hole.

BIOMIMETISME - LA NATURE INSPIRE LA SCIENCE - Le Shinkansen : le train au bec d'oiseau

Le martin-pêcheur est un petit oiseau aquatique qui porte un bec long et fin pour pêcher des petits poissons, insectes ou batraciens dans l'eau. Ce bec a inspiré les ingénieurs japonais pour la conception du Shinkansen, le train à grande vitesse qui sillonne l'archipel nippon. Son avant profilé, bien visible sur les rames de la série 700, permet de réduire l'effet piston lorsqu'il entre à vive allure dans un tunnel, la vitesse de pointe du Shinkansen série 700 étant située entre 270 et 285 km/h.

Quand il s'y engouffre, le train génère une onde de choc bruyante qui ressemble à un bang et qui peut endommager la structure de l'ouvrage en plus de produire des nuisances sonores. Dans la nature, le bec du martin-pêcheur lui permet de fendre l'eau en faisant un minimum de remous, et s'avère tout aussi efficace pour attraper des proies volantes.

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14/11/2022

ASTRONOMY - NGC 7380: The Wizard Nebula

 2022 November 14

The featured image shows the a red-glowing
Wizard Nebula with gas and dust pillars in a starry
background. 
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

NGC 7380: The Wizard Nebula
Image Credit & Copyright: Ioan Popa

Explanation: What powers are being wielded in the Wizard Nebula? Gravitation strong enough to form stars, and stellar winds and radiations powerful enough to create and dissolve towers of gas. Located only 8,000 light years away, the Wizard nebula, featured here, surrounds developing open star cluster NGC 7380. Visually, the interplay of stars, gas, and dust has created a shape that appears to some like a fictional medieval sorcerer. The active star forming region spans 100 about light years, making it appear larger than the angular extent of the Moon. The Wizard Nebula can be located with a small telescope toward the constellation of the King of Aethiopia (Cepheus). Although the nebula may last only a few million years, some of the stars being formed may outlive our Sun.

13/11/2022

ASTRONOMY - Flying saucer crash lands in Utah desert

 2022 November 13

The featured image shows the disk from NASA's 
Genesis Mission embedded in sand with two helicopters
visible in the distance. 
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Flying Saucer Crash Lands in Utah Desert
Image Credit: USAF 388th Range Sqd., Genesis MissionNASA

Explanation: A flying saucer from outer space crash-landed in the Utah desert after being tracked by radar and chased by helicopters. The year was 2004, and no space aliens were involved. The saucer, pictured here, was the Genesis sample return capsule, part of a human-made robot Genesis spaceship launched in 2001 by NASA itself to study the Sun. The unexpectedly hard landing at over 300 kilometers per hour occurred because the parachutes did not open as planned. The Genesis mission had been orbiting the Sun collecting solar wind particles that are usually deflected away by Earth's magnetic field. Despite the crash landing, many return samples remained in good enough condition to analyze. So far, Genesis-related discoveries include new details about the composition of the Sun and how the abundance of some types of elements differ across the Solar System. These results have provided intriguing clues into details of how the Sun and planets formed billions of years ago.

12/11/2022

ASTRONOMY - Eclipse in the city

 2022 November 12

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

Eclipse in the City
Image Credit & CopyrightStan Honda

Explanation: A darker Moon sets over Manhattan in this night skyscape. The 16 frame composite was assembled from consecutive exposures recorded during the November 8 total lunar eclipse. In the timelapse sequence stars leave short trails above the urban skyline, while the Moon remains immersed in Earth's shadow. But the International Space Station was just emerging from the shadow into the sunlit portion of its low Earth orbit. As seen from New York City, the visible streak of this ISS flyover starts near a star in Taurus and tracks right to left, through the belt of Orion and over Sirius, alpha star of Canis Major. Gaps along the bright trail of the fast moving orbital outpost (and an aircraft flying closer to the horizon) mark the time between individual exposures in the sequence. The trail of bright planet Mars is at the top of the frame. Pleiades star cluster trails are high over the eclipsed Moon and Empire State Building.

AVIATION IMAGINEE - L'avion du futur selon Douglas Rolfe

Avez-vous déjà imaginé votre transport du futur ? C’est l’idée du magazine Popular Science qui a laissé à Douglas Rolfe tout le loisir de créer son avion personnel. Le résultat est plutôt réaliste et bluffant, ce qui peut s’expliquer par le fait qu'en 1944 l’aviation avait déjà fait un grand bon avec la Première et la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

© Douglas Rolfe, juillet 1944, revue Popular Science
FuturaSciences

11/11/2022

ASTRONOMY - Blood Moon, Ice Giant

 2022 November 11

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
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Blood Moon, Ice Giant
Image Credit & CopyrightRyan Han

Explanation: On November 8 the Full Moon turned blood red as it slid through Earth's shadow in a beautiful total lunar eclipse. During totality it also passed in front of, or occulted, outer planet Uranus for eclipse viewers located in parts of northern America and Asia. For a close-up and wider view these two images were taken just before the occultation began, captured with different telescopes and cameras from the same roof top in Shanghai, China. Normally very faint compared to a Full Moon, the tiny, pale, greenish disk of the distant ice giant is just to the left of the Moon's edge and about to disappear behind the darkened, red lunar limb. Though only visible from certain locations across planet Earth, lunar occultations of planets are fairly common. But for this rare "lunar eclipse occultation" to take place, at the time of the total eclipse the outer planet had to be both at opposition and very near the ecliptic plane to fall in line with Sun, Earth, and Moon.

10/11/2022

ASTRONOMY - Total lunar eclipse

 022 November 10

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

Total Lunar Eclipse
Image Credit: KPNO / NOIRLab / NSF / AURA / Petr Horalek (Institute of Physics in Opava)

Explanation: The beginning, middle, and end of a journey through planet Earth's colorful umbral shadow is captured in this timelapse composite image of a total lunar eclipse. Taken on November 8 from Kitt Peak National Observatory this eclipse's 1 hour and 25 minute long total phase starts on the right and finishes on the left. Reddened sunlight, scattered into the central shadow by Earth's dusty atmosphere produces the dramatic dark red hues reflected by the lunar disk. For this eclipse, additional reddening is likely due to scattering from ash lingering in the atmosphere after a large volcanic eruption in the southern Pacific earlier this year. Seen at the right and left, the Earth's shadow is still lighter along its edge though. That faint bluish fringe along the lunar limb is colored by sunlight filtered through Earth's stratospheric ozone layer.

09/11/2022

ASTRONOMY - The Asymmetric Nebula Surrounding Wolf-Rayet Star 18

 2022 November 9

The featured image shows a complex nebula that is 
more dense and more blue on one side than the other.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

The Asymmetric Nebula Surrounding Wolf-Rayet Star 18
Image Credit & Copyright: Alex Woronow

Explanation: Why does the nebula around the star WR-18 shine brighter on one side? Also known as NGC 3199, this active star and its surrounding nebula lie about 12,000 light-years away toward the nautical southern constellation of Carina. The featured deep image has been highly processed to bring out filamentary details of the glowing gas in the bubble-shaped nebula. The nebula is about 75 light-years across. Near the nebula's center is a Wolf-Rayet star, WR-18, which is a massive, hot, short-lived star that generates an intense and complex stellar wind. In fact, Wolf-Rayet stars are known to create nebulas with interesting shapes as their powerful winds sweep up surrounding interstellar material. In this case, the bright right edge was initially thought to indicate that a bow shock was being produced as the star plowed through a uniform medium, like a boat through water. Recent measurements and analyses, however, have shown the star is not moving quickly toward the bright edge. A more likely explanation has emerged that the material surrounding the star is not uniform, but clumped and denser near the bright edge.

08/11/2022

ASTRONOMY - Galaxies: Wild's Triplet from Hubble

2022 November 8
The featured image shows a several interacting
spiral galaxies with a bridge of stars and gas connecting
the two brightest galaxies. 
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Galaxies: Wild's Triplet from Hubble
Image Credit: ESA/HubbleNASADark Energy Survey/DOE/FNAL/DECam/CTIO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURAJ. Dalcanton

Explanation: How many galaxies are interacting here? This grouping of galaxies is called the Wild Triplet, not only for the discoverer, but for the number of bright galaxies that appear. It had been assumed that all three galaxies, collectively cataloged as Arp 248, are interacting, but more recent investigations reveal that only the brightest two galaxies are sparring gravitationally: the big galaxies at the top and bottom. The spiral galaxy in the middle of the featured image by the Hubble Space Telescope is actually far in the distance, as is the galaxy just below it and all of the other numerous galaxies in the field. A striking result of these giants jousting is a tremendous bridge of stars, gas, and dust that stretches between them -- a bridge almost 200,000 light-years long. Light we see today from Wild's Triplet left about 200 million years ago, when dinosaurs roamed the Earth. In perhaps a billion years or so, the two interacting galaxies will merge to form a single large spiral galaxy.

07/11/2022

AVIATION IMAGINEE - La machine volante pour faire partir l’amant de Madame


L’illustration française n’est pas en reste pour imaginer les machines volantes du futur. En 1901, Monnier imaginait la « machine à faire partir l’amant de Madame très vite » du siècle suivant. Bien que le dessin ne montre rien d’autre qu’une hélice agrémentée d’une paire d’ailes, on imagine l’engin équipé d’un moteur extrêmement puissant, capable de faire déguerpir le malheureux avant l’arrivée de Monsieur.

© Monnier

ASTRONOMY - A Total Lunar Eclipse Over Tajikistan

 2022 November 7

A Total Lunar Eclipse Over Tajikistan
Video Credit & Copyright: Jean-Luc Dauvergne (Ciel et Espace); Music: Valère Leroy & Sophie Huet (Space-Music)

Explanation: If the full Moon suddenly faded, what would you see? The answer was recorded in a dramatic time lapse video taken during the total lunar eclipse in 2011 from Tajikistan. During a total lunar eclipse, the Earth moves between the Moon and the Sun, causing the moon to fade dramatically. The Moon never gets completely dark, though, since the Earth's atmosphere refracts some light. As the featured video begins, the scene may appear to be daytime and sunlit, but actually it is a nighttime and lit by the glow of the full Moon. As the Moon becomes eclipsed and fades, background stars become visible and here can be seen reflected in a lake. Most spectacularly, the sky surrounding the eclipsed moon suddenly appears to be full of stars and highlighted by the busy plane of our Milky Way Galaxy. The sequence repeats with a closer view, and the final image shows the placement of the eclipsed Moon near the EagleSwanTrifid, and Lagoon nebulas. Nearly two hours after the eclipse started, the moon emerged from the Earth's shadow and its bright full glare again dominated the sky. Later today or tomorrow, depending on your location relative to the International Date Line, a new total lunar eclipse will take place -- with totality being primarily visible over northeastern Asia and northwestern North America.

06/11/2022

MACROPHOTOGRAPHIE - Insectes - Une mouche assez peu commune


Il est rare d'en voir d'aussi près ! Appartenant à l'espèce Cylindromyia bicolor, cette petite mouche d'une dizaine de millimètres appartient à la famille des Tachinidés. On la trouve en France métropolitaine, dans des prairies ou des lisières de bois. D'une forme très allongée, elle possède un abdomen de couleur rouge principalement, et noir à la base. Mais, sur la photo, ce sont surtout ses yeux qui fascinent ! En comparaison avec ceux d'un humain qui peuvent visualiser 24 images par seconde, la mouche en voit 200 ! Chaque petite facette de son œil consiste en une lentille qui focalise la lumière sur un capteur individuel, l'ommatidie. Son champ de vision lui permet aussi d'avoir des yeux derrière la tête, et elle est sensible aux ultraviolets. Bien que la mouche ne voie pas les plus petits détails, elle est tout de même très difficile à attraper ! 

© Pierre Anquet
FuturaSciences

05/11/2022

MICROPHOTOGRAPHIE - De petits monstres sous vitamine C


Comme des petits monstres tapis dans le noir, ces étranges créatures aux yeux dorés, et irradiant une inquiétante lueur bleue, semblent observer... ceux qui les observent. Sommes-nous transportés sur une planète lointaine peuplée d'êtres diffus ? Ou avons-nous pénétré par magie l'esprit d'un petit garçon un peu trop rêveur ? Qu'importe la réponse. Une fois encore, Marek Miś met ici son talent artistique au service de cette beauté naturelle qui reste trop souvent cachée à nos yeux.

En saisissant tout simplement quelques cristaux d'acide ascorbique magnifiés par une lumière polarisée et un champ sombre, sous un grossissement de 100 fois. L'acide ascorbique... Un nom étrange pour une substance dont l'un des stéréo-isomères nous est pourtant des plus familiers puisqu'il s'agit de la vitamine C. Une vitamine qui participe, entre autres, au bon fonctionnement de notre système immunitaire. Une fonction qui, avec un zeste d'imagination, se voit révélée au grand jour par ce cliché.

Cliché réalisé à l'aide d'un microscope Olympus BH-2 et d'un appareil Pentax K5. 

© Marek Miś
FuturaSciences

ASTRONOMY - Lunar Eclipse at the South Pole

 2022 November 5

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

Lunar Eclipse at the South Pole
Image Credit & CopyrightAman Chokshi

Explanation: Last May 16 the Moon slid through Earth's shadow, completely immersed in the planet's dark umbra for about 1 hour and 25 minutes during a total lunar eclipse. In this composited timelapse view, the partial and total phases of the eclipse were captured as the Moon tracked above the horizon from Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. There it shared a cold and starry south polar night with a surging display of the aurora australis and central Milky Way. In the foreground are the BICEP (right) and South Pole telescopes at the southernmost station's Dark Sector Laboratory. But while polar skies can be spectacular, you won't want to go to the South Pole to view the total lunar eclipse coming up on November 8. Instead, that eclipse can be seen from locations in Asia, Australia, the Pacific, the Americas and Northern Europe. It will be your last chance to watch a total lunar eclipse until 2025.

04/11/2022

ASTRONOMY - InSight's Final Selfie

 2022 November 4

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

InSight's Final Selfie
Image Credit: NASAJPL-CaltechMars InSight

Explanation: The Mars InSight lander returned its first image from the Red Planet's flat, equatorial Elysium Planitia after a successful touchdown on November 26, 2018. The history making mission to explore the martian Interior using Seismic investigations, geodesy, and heat transport has been operating for over 1,400 martian days or sols. In that time the InSight mission has detected more than 1,300 marsquakes and recorded data from Mars-shaking meteoroid impacts, observing how the seismic waves travel to provide a glimpse inside Mars. Analyzing the archive of data collected is expected to yield discoveries for decades. But InSight's final operational sol is likely not far off. The reason is evident in this selfie recorded earlier this year showing its deck and large, 2-meter-wide solar panels covered with dust. Kicked up by martian winds the dust continues to accumulate and drastically reduce the power that can be generated by InSight's solar panels.

03/11/2022

MICROPHOTOGRAPHIE - De l'acide citrique et un décalcifiant pour un bijou à la mer


Le « Cœur de l'océan », c'est le nom de ce magnifique bijou que l'héroïne du film Titanic, devenue une vieille dame, jette à la mer. Un bijou inspiré du célèbre diamant Hope, une pierre magnifique et rare que certains disent maudite.

Pourquoi évoquer le « Cœur de l'océan » ici ? Parce que ce cliché vous fera peut-être penser à une pierre précieuse tombée au fond de l'océan suite au naufrage d'un bateau. Un saphir jaune aux tonalités intenses qui irradie les eaux environnantes de sa lumière chaude. Emportant avec lui les rêves d'amour d'une élégante princesse.

La réalité, quant à elle, est bien plus terre à terre. Car cette photo figure un mélange recristallisé d'un décalcifiant et d'un peu d'acide citrique. Le tout sous une lumière polarisée et grossi 100 fois.

Cliché réalisé à l'aide d'un microscope Olympus BH-2 et d'un appareil Pentax K5. 

© Marek Miś. 
FuturaSciences

ASTRONOMY - M33: The Triangulum Galaxy

 2022 November 3

The featured image shows steam rising from several separated
vents at Hverir, a geothermally active field in Iceland. Green
aurora rage in the background. 
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

M33: The Triangulum Galaxy
Image Credit & CopyrightProcessing - Robert Gendler
Data - Hubble Legacy ArchiveKPNONOIRLabNSFAuraAmateur Sources

Explanation: The small, northern constellation Triangulum harbors this magnificent face-on spiral galaxy, M33. Its popular names include the Pinwheel Galaxy or just the Triangulum Galaxy. M33 is over 50,000 light-years in diameter, third largest in the Local Group of galaxies after the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), and our own Milky Way. About 3 million light-years from the Milky Way, M33 is itself thought to be a satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy and astronomers in these two galaxies would likely have spectacular views of each other's grand spiral star systems. As for the view from the Milky Way, this sharp image combines data from telescopes on and around planet Earth to show off M33's blue star clusters and pinkish star forming regions along the galaxy's loosely wound spiral arms. In fact, the cavernous NGC 604 is the brightest star forming region, seen here at about the 1 o'clock position from the galaxy center. Like M31, M33's population of well-measured variable stars have helped make this nearby spiral a cosmic yardstick for establishing the distance scale of the Universe.

02/11/2022

SANTE/MEDECINE - Un remède à base de banane contre les insomnies et la dépression


La banane pour lutter contre l'anxiété, les insomnies et la dépression ? Il ne s'agit pas d'une énième étude nutritionnelle, mais d'un véritable médicament, récemment approuvé par la Food and Drug Administration (FDA), l'agence chargée des autorisations de médicaments aux États-Unis. Le traitement, mis au point par la société taïwanaise TCI, n'utilise pas directement la banane mais les étamines (l'appareil reproducteur mâle chez les plantes) et la peau. La société a mis au point un procédé « d'extraction ultrasonique à froid » pour son traitement qui contient des ingrédients similaires au Prozac, ce qui peut améliorer considérablement le stress, l'anxiété et l'insomnie, selon un communiqué.

Des études sur l'animal ont montré que la peau de banane améliore l'expression génique associée au métabolisme du tryptophane, qui favorise la production de sérotonine et de mélatonine pour faciliter l’endormissement. Les étamines de banane auraient également un effet contre l'hypertrophie de la prostate, qui touche 60 % des hommes de plus de 60 ans. Baptisée Happy Banana, l'invention a reçu plusieurs prix internationaux dont celui de la médaille d'or du concours des inventions de Genève.

D'autres aliments sont connus pour lutter contre la dépression, comme le safran qui permet de doper l'efficacité des antidépresseurs, ou le poisson, dont les acides gras influencent la production de sérotonine.

FuturaSciences

ASTRONOMY - A Year in Sunsets

 2024 December 21 A Year in Sunsets Image Credit &  Copyright :   Wael Omar Explanation:  A year in  sunsets, from April 2023 to March 2...