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07/12/2021

ASTRONOMY - Ninety Gravitational Wave Spectrograms and Counting

2021 December 7
The featured image shows spectrograms for the first 90
gravitational wave events ever detected.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Ninety Gravitational Wave Spectrograms and Counting
Image Credit: NSFLIGOVIRGOKAGRAGeorgia TechVanderbilt U.Graphic Sudarshan Ghonge & Karan Jani

Explanation: Every time two massive black holes collide, a loud chirping sound is broadcast out into the universe in gravitational waves. Humanity has only had the technology to hear these unusual chirps for the past seven years, but since then we have heard about 90 -- during the first three observing runs. Featured above are the spectrograms -- plots of gravitational-wave frequency versus time -- of these 90 as detected by the giant detectors of LIGO (in the USA), VIRGO (in Europe), and KAGRA (in Japan). The more energy received on Earth from a collision, the brighter it appears on the graphic. Among many science firsts, these gravitational-radiation chirps are giving humanity an unprecedented inventory of black holes and neutron stars, and a new way to measure the expansion rate of our universe. A fourth gravitational wave observing run with increased sensitivity is currently planned to begin in 2022 December.

AERONAUTIQUE - Avions de légende - Le Corsair


Ce chasseur-bombardier monoplace de l'armée américaine de près de quatre tonnes à vide a été conçu autour d'un puissant moteur Pratt & Whitney, de 2.000 chevaux. Construit à partir de 1942, il a d'abord été engagé dans la guerre du Pacifique, durant la seconde guerre mondiale.

Reconnaissable à son aile en W (qui permettait de raccourcir les jambes du train d'atterrissage), il était très rapide pour l'époque (plus de 600 km/h) et conçu pour se poser sur les porte-avions. L'avion a été ensuite utilisé par l'armée française en Indochine, à partir de 1952.

Le « Corsair » doit aussi sa célébrité à une série télévisée, Les têtes brûlées en français, diffusée dans les années 1970. Le comédien Robert Conrad y jouait le rôle de Gregory « Pappy » Boyington, qui a réellement existé.

© Gerry Metzler, Flickr, CC by-sa 2.0

06/12/2021

ASTRONOMY - Space Station Silhouette on the Moon

 2021 December 6

The featured image shows a silhouette of the International
Space Station -- in great detail -- in front of the Moon.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Space Station Silhouette on the Moon
Image Credit & Copyright: Andrew McCarthy

Explanation: What's that unusual spot on the Moon? It's the International Space Station. Using precise timing, the Earth-orbiting space platform was photographed in front of a partially lit gibbous Moon last month. The featured composite, taken from PaysonArizonaUSA last month, was intricately composed by combining, in part, many 1/2000-second images from a video of the ISS crossing the Moon. A close inspection of this unusually crisp ISS silhouette will reveal the outlines of numerous solar panels and trusses. The bright crater Tycho is visible on the upper left, as well as comparatively rough, light colored terrain known as highlands, and relatively smooth, dark colored areas known as maria. On-line tools can tell you when the International Space Station will be visible from your area.

05/12/2021

ASTRONOMY - Total Solar Eclipse Below the Bottom of the World

 2021 December 5

The featured image shows the total solar eclipse of
2021 November 4 from an airplane flying over Antarctica.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

Total Solar Eclipse Below the Bottom of the World
Image Credit & Copyright: Petr Horálek (ESO Photo AmbassadorInst. of Physics in Opava)

Explanation: Yesterday there was a total solar eclipse visible only at the end of the Earth. To capture the unusual phenomenon, airplanes took flight below the clouded seascape of Southern Ocean. The featured image shows one relatively spectacular capture where the bright spot is the outer corona of the Sun and the eclipsing Moon is seen as the dark spot in the center. A wing and engine of the airplane are visible across the left and bottom of the image, while another airplane observing the eclipse is visible on the far left. The dark area of the sky surrounding the eclipsed Sun is called a shadow cone. It is dark because you are looking down a long corridor of air shadowed by the Moon. A careful inspection of the eclipsed Sun will reveal the planet Mercury just to the right. The next total solar eclipse shadow will cross parts of Australia and Indonesia in April of 2023, while the one after that will cross North America in April of 2024.

04/12/2021

ASTRONOMY - Iridescent by Moonlight

 2021 December 4

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

Iridescent by Moonlight
Image Credit & Copyright: Marcella Giulia Pace

Explanation: In this snapshot from November 18, the Full Moon was not far from Earth's shadow. In skies over Sicily the brightest lunar phase was eclipsed by passing clouds though. The full moonlight was dimmed and momentarily diffracted by small but similar sized water droplets near the edges of the high thin clouds. The resulting iridescence shines with colors like a lunar corona. On that night, the Full Moon was also seen close to the Pleiades star cluster appearing at the lower left of the iridescent cloud bank. The stars of the Seven Sisters were soon to share the sky with a darker, reddened lunar disk.

03/12/2021

AERONAUTQUE - Avions de légende - Mistubishi A6M - Le "zéro"


Chasseur-bombardier monoplace japonais, le Mistubishi A6M a été à partir de 1939 et a joué un grand rôle durant la guerre contre les États-Unis. Redouté des pilotes américains, ce puissant monomoteur à hélice (plus de 900 chevaux) est assez caractéristique des chasseurs de la seconde guerre mondiale.

Le « Zero » (pour les Japonais), ou « Zeke » (pour les alliés), avait l'avantage d'une maniabilité exceptionnelle et d'une grande légèreté, lui garantissant une vitesse élevée (près de 600 km/h). Sa supériorité s'est cependant émoussée avec l'arrivée d'appareils américains beaucoup plus puissants (le P47 dépassait les 2.000 chevaux) et nombreux. Vulnérable car dépourvu de blindage afin de gagner du poids, il a fini par subir de lourdes pertes.

Les Zeros en état de vol sont aujourd'hui extrêmement rares et toujours le résultat d'une reconstruction. Celui qui peut être admiré chaque année au meeting de La Ferté-Alais, près de Paris, est en fait un North American T6 modifié, qui fut utilisé dans plusieurs films de cinéma.

© Paul Richter, Wikimedia commons, CC by-sa 3.0

ASTRONOMY - Comet Leonard and the Whale Galaxy

 2021 December 3

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

Comet Leonard and the Whale Galaxy
Image Credit & Copyright: Gregg Ruppel

Explanation: Sweeping through northern predawn skies, on November 24 Comet Leonard (C/2021 A1) was caught between two galaxies in this composite telescopic image. Sporting a greenish coma the comet's dusty tail seems to harpoon the heart of NGC 4631 (top) also known as the Whale Galaxy. Of course NGC 4631 and NGC 4656 (bottom, aka the Hockey Stick) are background galaxies some 25 million light-years away. On that date the comet was about 6 light-minutes from our fair planet. Its closest approach to Earth (and even closer approach to Venus) still to come, Comet Leonard will grow brighter in December. Already a good object for binoculars and small telescopes, this comet will likely not return to the inner Solar System. Its perihelion, or closest approach to the Sun, will be on January 3, 2022.

02/12/2021

AERONAUTIQUE - Avions de légende - DC3/C47

 

À partir de 1936, le DC3, avec ses ailes basses « cantilever » (sans mâts ni haubans) portant deux moteurs, son fuselage cylindrique et son aérodynamisme, devient l'archétype de l'avion de ligne moderne. D'autres appareils lui ressemblent (comme le Boeing 247) mais c'est lui qui se vend le mieux. Il est rapide (plus de 300 km/h), fiable et confortable, avec un rayon d'action de plus de deux mille kilomètres.

Durant la seconde guerre mondiale, l'armée de l'air US le choisit comme avion de transport. Il devient le C47 (et le « Dakota » au Royaume-Uni), utilisé notamment pour les parachutages et le remorquage de planeurs. Décoré de bandes noires et blanches, il demeure un des symboles du débarquement des forces alliées en juin 1944.

Après la guerre, le DC3 connaît une carrière d'avion de ligne d'une invraisemblable durée. Dans les années 1960, à l'heure où apparaissent les jets, il équipe notamment Air France comme moyen-courrier. Aujourd'hui encore, équipé de turbines remplaçant les moteurs à pistons, il vole dans quelques endroits du monde.

L'appareil en photographie appartient à l'association France DC3, qui le produit en meeting aérien, comme ici à La Ferté Alais en mai 2009.

Futura Sciences

 2021 December 2

See Explanation.  Clicking on the picture will download
the highest resolution version available.

NGC 6822: Barnard's Galaxy
Image Credit & Copyright: Dietmar HagerEric Benson

Explanation: Grand spiral galaxies often seem to get all the glory, flaunting their young, bright, blue star clusters in beautiful, symmetric spiral arms. But small galaxies form stars too, like nearby NGC 6822, also known as Barnard's Galaxy. Beyond the rich starfields in the constellation Sagittarius, NGC 6822 is a mere 1.5 million light-years away, a member of our Local Group of galaxies. A dwarf irregular galaxy similar to the Small Magellanic Cloud, NGC 6822 is about 7,000 light-years across. Brighter foreground stars in our Milky Way have a spiky appearance. Behind them, Barnard's Galaxy is seen to be filled with young blue stars and mottled with the telltale pinkish hydrogen glow of star forming regions in this deep color composite image.

01/12/2021

ASTRONOMY - A Blue-Banded Blood Moon

 2021 December 1

The featured image shows the recent partial
eclipse of the Moon with the eclipsed part appearing
red and a blue band due to refraction of sunlight
through the Earth's atmosphere.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information.

A Blue-Banded Blood Moon
Image Credit: Angel Yu

Explanation: What causes a blue band to cross the Moon during a lunar eclipse? The blue band is real but usually quite hard to see. The featured HDR image of last week's lunar eclipse, however -- taken from YanchengChina -- has been digitally processed to equalize the Moon's brightness and exaggerate the colors. The gray color of the bottom right is the Moon's natural color, directly illuminated by sunlight. The upper left part of the Moon is not directly lit by the Sun since it is being eclipsed -- it in the Earth's shadow. It is faintly lit, though, by sunlight that has passed deep through Earth's atmosphere. This part of the Moon is red -- and called a blood Moon -- for the same reason that Earth's sunsets are red: because air scatters away more blue light than red. The unusual blue band is different -- its color is created by sunlight that has passed high through Earth's atmosphere, where red light is better absorbed by ozone than blue. A total eclipse of the Sun will occur tomorrow but, unfortunately, totality be visible only near the Earth's South Pole.

BIOMES - Autriche

Les belles couleurs automnales des forêts tempérées d’Autriche FuturaSciences